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SOUTHERN  PACIFIC  CO. 


WAYSIDE  NOTES 


IANCROFT 
LIBRARY 


BANCROFT 
LIBRARY 


THE  LIBRARY 

OF 

THE  UNIVERSITY 
OF  CALIFORNIA 


^  • 


Wayside  Notes  AI^  Sunset  Route 


EAST  BOUND 



",4k 


PUBLISHED   BY   THE 

SOUTHERN       PACIFIC 

SAN   FRANCISCO,  CALIFORNIA 

1914 


Part  the  First 

SAN  FRANCISCO— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,478  MILES.     POPULATION,  450,000. 

The  Sunset  Route  swings  away  from  the  metropolis  of  the  Pacific  Coast  down  the  San  Mateo  peninsula.  Upon 
the  head  of  this  peninsula  stands  San  Francisco,  the  sea  at  its  back  and  the  great  bay  on  its  front.  The  bay  lies 
like  a  seagull,  great  wings  stretching  north  and  south  for  fifty  miles,  and  the  neck,  reaching  out  to  the  ocean, 
forming  the  Golden  Gate. 

The  site  is  picturesque  and  strategic,  lending  itself  well  to  coast  defense,  equally  well  to  the  demands  of  com- 
merce, and  as  generously  to  urban  development.  Here  is  safe  anchorage  for  the  world's  navies ;  here  ample  space 
for  wharves ;  here  miles  of  deep  water  for  manufactories ;  here  the  natural  gravitation  of  trade  from  all  central 
and  northern  California.  All  interests  that  lie  at  the  foundation  of  municipal  greatness  are  within  easy  reach  of 
the  builders  of  the  city. 

A  BIT  OF  HISTORY 

In  1835  the  prosperous  city  we  are  leaving  was  a  little  Spanish  presidio,  a  mission  settlement  three  miles 
out  among  the  sand-hills,  with  a  handful  of  Yankee  traders  on  the  rim  of  the  bay.  In  1846  only  twenty  or  thirty 
houses  lined  the  beach,  and  an  arm  of  the  bay  stretched  up  a  little  valley  to  where  the  Palace  Hotel  now 
stands. 

After  the  discovery  of  gold  the  little  hamlet  blossomed  almost  in  a  day  into  a  raw,  crude,  chaotic  city, 
with  the  most  cosmopolitan  population  the  world  ever  saw,  living  in  ragged  tents  and  old  packing-boxes.  This 
was  in  1849.  Today,  only  sixty-five  years  later,  a  great  city  is  building  on  this  western  rim  of  the  continent, 
and  is  looking  out  into  the  future  with  great  expectations.  The  conviction  that  a  vast  commerce  will  center 
here  has  proven  itself  in  the  upbuilding  of  a  magnificently  modern  city,  rising  above  a  mighty  harbor,  a  city  of 
broad  municipal  achievement,  of  constant  uplift  and  improvement,  caring  for  the  urge  of  present  enterprise  and 
looking  forward  to  the  care  of  future  development. 

It  is  a  cosmopolitan  city  still,  and  you  may  see  here  representative  colonies  from  half  the  world,  and  the 
customs  and  costumes  of  many  nations. 

Its  commercial  position  is  commanding,  and  its  setting  of  bay  and  hills  is  picturesque.  The  summer  climate 
is  quite  unique,  making  this  almost  the  only  cool  summer  city  on  the  planet.  The  summers  are  as  refreshing 
as  a  cold  bath,  and  there  are  no  dog-days  in  the  calendar.  Every  activity  of  urban  life — theaters,  shops, 
cafes — runs  at  full  tide  all  the  year.  The  average  temperature  is  fifty-six  degrees,  and  winter  never  shows 
more  than  a  touch  of  frost. 

San  Francisco  is  charged  with  being  lighthearted.  The  sunshine,  the  breeze  upon  the  hills,  the  bracing 
ocean  air,  the  equable  temper  of  the  seasons,  the  fruits  and  flowers  all  the  year,  induce  happiness. 

Save  on  rainy  days  the  beach  is  always  inviting,  the  bay  is  always  smiling;  and  there  are  crowds  on  the 
ferries,  or  riding,  driving,  loitering  in  Golden  Gate  Park  a:  all  seasons,  and  the  vast  playground  looks  as  green 
and  attractive  in  January  as  in  July. 

It  is  a  hotel  city,  and  its  hostelries  are  greater  in  number  and  more  luxurious  than  ever  in  the  past.  Great 
apartment  houses  are  a  feature  of  the  city  life.  The  bay  makes  one  of  the  greatest  and  safest  harbors  in  the 
world,  and  the  entrance  is  wide  and  easily  navigated.  At  sunset  it  is  a  gate  of  gold,  and  we  can  understand 
why  Fremont  named  that  road  of  passage  and  union  between  two  hemispheres  the  Golden  Gate. 

This  is  the  Panama-Pacific  Exposition  City  of  1915,  and  is  fittingly  chosen  for  its  location  and  its  climate. 
The  event  is  one  of  more  than  national  importance,  the  whole  world  of  commerce  being  interested  in  cutting 
through  the  Isthmus  and  joining  two  oceans.  This  interest  will  be  shown  at  the  Exposition,  the  eyes  of  all 
civilized  countries  being  already  turned  toward  San  Francisco  on  account  of  the  great  World's  Fair. 


lighted  1914,  Southern  Pacific  Company 


*'— ^e— •— ^ 


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The  outgoing  train  on  the  Sunset  Route  takes  the  double-tracked  Bay  Shore  Cut-off 
down  the  peninsula.  Here  are  the  great,  clean,  airy  tunnels  that  make  a  water-level 
track  possible ;  there  on  one  side  is  South  San  Francisco,  and  in  the  distance  are  pack- 
ing-houses, steel  mills,  terra-cotta  and  glazing  works.  San  Bruno  is  next,  a  region  of 
dairies  and  vegetable  gardens  and  a  growing  business  life  that  indicates  the  gravitation 
countryward.  At  Millbrae  we  are  fairly  in  the  country.  Here  are  notable  estates  and 
fine  residences  hidden  among  the  trees. 

BURLINGAME— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,458  MILES.     POPULATION,  5,000. 

Originally  planned  for  people  with  comfortable  incomes  and  ideas  of  comfort. 
Acreage  and  suburban  lots  are  now  in  demand,  and  Burlingame  is  being  crowded  a  little 
by  the  pressure  outward  from  the  big  city. 

SAN  MATEO— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,456  MILES.     POPULATION,  5,000. 

The  metropolis  of  the  county  of  the  same  name.  Located  here  are  St.  Matthew's 
Military  School  and  St.  Margaret's  School  for  girls.  Near  by,  on  the  hills,  Crystal 
Springs  and  a  great  reservoir  for  supplying  water  for  San  Francisco  are  features  of  the 
environment  of  a  growing  and  attractive  town.  Belmont  and  San  Carlos  are  residence 
towns  ideal  for  situation.  Fine  homes  are  in  all  the  region.  Peninsula  Hotel  in 
grounds  of  an  old  estate. 

REDWOOD  CITY— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,449  MILES.     POPULATION,  4,299. 

A  growing  center  and  the  county-seat  of  San  Mateo  County.  A  great  trestle  and 
bridge  here  span  the  lower  arm  of  the  bay,  and  interior  and  overland  trains  for  San 
Francisco  go  directly  into  the  city  without  ferrying.  Is  both  a  manufacturing  and 
residence  town. 

MENLO  PARK— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,445  MILES.     POPULATION,  1,200. 

A  natural  park  made  a  paradise  of  beauty  and  luxury  in  the  days  of  the  "Bonanza 
Kings,"  when  Virginia  City  mines  were  pouring  out  riches. 

PALO  ALTO— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,444  MILES.    POPULATION,  4,486. 

The  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University  is  located  here,  with  splendid  buildings,  a 
campus  of  7,000  acres,  and  an  endowment  of  over  $30,000,000.  The  great  school  is  co- 
educational, but  limits  the  number  of  women  who  may  be  admitted  to  500.  Students 
come  from  all  states  and  many  from  abroad.  Mayfield,  a  mile  away,  is  a  point  of 
departure  for  a  double-track  line  to  Santa  Cruz  via  Los  Altos  and  Los  Gatos. 

Mountain  View  is  a  fine  suburban  town,  with  good  homes  in  the  midst  of  orchards ; 
Sunnyvale,  in  a  park  of  native  oaks,  is  a  newly  created  manufacturing  town.  Santa 
Clara,  almost  in  touch  with  San  Jose,  being  but  three  miles  distant,  has  a  population  of 
nearly  5,000,  and  is  the  seat  of  Santa  Clara  College. 

SAN  JOSE— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,427  MILES.     POPULATION,  29,000. 

The  queen  city  of  this  semitropical  and  wealthy  valley.  It  is  an  orchard  center ; 
a  manufacturing  city,  turning  out  agricultural  implements,  fire-brick,  terra-cotta,  etc. 
It  is  also  a  handsome  residence  city  and  an  urban  paradise  of  flowers  and  trees.  San 
Jose  has  a  600-acre  park  with  sixteen  hot  springs,  a  climate  that  is  at  its  California 
best,  excellent  hotels  and  public  buildings,  and  a  wide  and  beautiful  countryside  marked 
by  fine  homes  and  reached  by  good  roads. 

The  Lick  Observatory  is  on  the  summit  of  Mount  Hamilton,  twenty-six  miles 
distant,  over  a  fine  mountain  road.  The  great  thirty-six-inch  reflector  is  accessible  to 
the  visitor  on  Saturday  nights. 

San  Jose  is  reached  also  by  a  line  down  the  eastern  shore  of  the  bay. 

The  fine  Santa  Clara  Valley  spreads  around  us  as  we  go  on  our  way.  Here  is 
Edenvale  in  a  delectable  orchard  country. 

Coyote,  farther  on,  produces  almost  everything  but  coyotes. 

Madrone  is  a  station  from  which  several  resorts  are  reached — mineral  springs,  club 
houses,  etc. 

MORGANHILL— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,407  MILES. 

A  fruit-growing,  prosperous  town,  beautifully  situated. 

GILROY— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,398  MILES.     POPULATION,  2,200. 

An  old  town,  whose  first  settlers  date  back  to  1845.  People  are  said  to  die  here  only 
as  a  matter  of  variety.  The  Gilroy  Hot  Springs  are  thirteen  miles  eastward  in  the 
Coast  Range. 

The  Wholesale  District,  San  Francisco,  looking  to  the  bay. 

San  Francisco,  looking  westward  from  the  Ferry  tower. 

Fisherman's  Wharf,  a  transported  bit  of  the  Mediterranean. 

Union  Square  and  Dewey  Monument,  in  the  heart  of  the  city. 

The  "Quad,"  Leland  Stanford  Junior  University. 

Prunes  drying  in  the  sunny  Santa  Clara  Valley. 

Where  they  look  for  Martians — the  Mount  Hamilton  Observatory. 


Carnadero  has  a  branch  line  into  San  Benito  County,  to  which  we  will  come  back. 
Seed-farms,  sugar-beets,  and  a  curious  soap  lake  of  nearly  forty  acres,  once  much  larger, 
are  in  the  vicinity. 

Aromas  is  a  fruit-  and  berry-growing  center,  as  is  also  Vegas  near  by. 

WATSONVILLE  JUNCTION— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,378  MILES.     POPULATION,  500. 

To  this  point  we  will  return  to  visit  Santa  Cruz.  The  valley  here  is  rich  in  fruit, 
one  of  the  remarkable  valleys  of  the  Coast,  something  in  the  soil  or  the  climate,  or 
both,  making  here  a  perfect  Bellflower  and  Newtown  pippin,  and  many  thousand  acres 
are  devoted  to  apples.  The  strawberries  of  the  district  are  famous.  Watsonville,  two 
miles  distant,  is  the  commercial  center  of  the  valley. 

DEL  MONTE  JUNCTION— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,368  MILES.     POPULATION,  1,200. 

The  junction  point  for  Del  Monte,  Monterey,  and  Pacific  Grove.  A  large  shipping 
point  for  farm  produce.  It  is  the  notable  experience  of  a  lifetime  to  make  this  trip 
to  Monterey. 

DEL  MONTE — SAN  FRANCISCO,  125  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  25. 

Near  the  shore  of  the  beautiful  bay  of  Monterey,  Del  Monte  has  a  delightful  climate 
the  year  round.  The  charming  hotel  stands  among  live-oaks,  pines  and  cypress,  and 
the  excellently  kept  gardens  and  grounds  of  125  acres  recall  a  fine  old  English  country 
park.  Splendid  golf  links,  polo  grounds,  tennis  courts  and  swimming  tank  are  among 
its  attractions,  and  the  famous  Seventeen-Mile  Drive  is  unmatched  for  beauty  and 
variety. 

MONTEREY — SAN  FRANCISCO,  126  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  10.    POPULATION,  3,000. 

Within  a  circle  of  six  miles  about  Monterey  are  more  objects  of  sacred,  historic, 
romantic,  and  scenic  interest  than  can  be  found  within  any  other  similar  area  in  Cali- 
fornia, all  happily  included  in  the  famous  Seventeen-Mile  Drive  from  Hotel  Del  Monte. 
Carmel  Mission  is  near  the  bank  of  the  Carmel  River.  Here  it  abides  in  lonely  dignity 
in  a  field  behind  the  fashionable  seaside  town  of  Carmel-by-the-Sea.  The  ancient 
church  in  Monterey  is  not  the  San  Carlos  Mission,  but  a  parish  church.  Monterey 
has  a  good  harbor,  and  will  have  a  railroad  into  the  San  Joaquin,  and  to  seaside  attrac- 
tions will  add  commercial  life. 

PACIFIC  GROVE — SAN  FRANCISCO,  129  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  47.     POPULATION,  3.000. 

Pacific  Grove,  in  its  popularity  as  a  seaside  resort,  has  grown  apace  until  the 
measure  of  a  city  has  been  reached.  Each  successive  season  increasing  thousands  flock 
to  enjoy  its  air  and  scenery. 

Leland  Stanford  Junior  University,  through  the  public  spirit  of  Mr.  Timothy 
Hopkins,  has  its  marine  laboratory  in  touch  with  the  prolific  waters  adjacent  to  Pacific 
Grove.  Glass-bottom  boats  here  reveal  the  wonders  of  the  deep. 

CARMEL-BY-THE-SEA. 

Here,  sheltered  by  lovely  Carmel  Hills,  is  also  Carmel-by-the-Sea,  with  its 
magnificent  beach  a  mile  in  length,  fringed- by  a  dense  growth  of  pines,  and  an  excellent 
hotel,  a  favorite  resort  for  artists  and  other  Nature  lovers.  A  quiet,  refined  place, 
and  an  ideal  summer  resort. 

Returning  now  to  Mayfield,  near  Palo  Alto,  on  the  main  line,  let  us  trace  the  line 
via  Santa  Cruz. 

Los  Altos  is  a  new  town,  beautifully  situated,  with  neither  frost  nor  fog.  Electric 
railways  connect  with  San  Jose  and  Los  Gatos  and  northward  to  Stanford  University, 
while  a  double-track  steam-line  connects  with  San  Francisco  and  Santa  Cruz. 

LOS  GATOS — SAN  FRANCISCO,  54  MILES.     POPULATION,  3,500. 

A  picturesque  town  in  the  foothills  of  the  Santa  Cruz  Mountains,  with  a  charming 
environment  and  a  delightful  climate. 

Campbell  is  between  Los  Gatos  and  San  Jose,  and  from  it  a  line  runs  to  New 
Almaden,  rich  quicksilver  mines,  long  worked. 

Los  Gatos  and  San  Jose  are  connected  by  an  interurban  electric  railway  which 
reaches  Saratoga  and  Pacific  Congress  Springs. 

Glenwood,  Laurel,  and  Wright  are  among  trees,  ferns,  and  flowers  in  the  Santa 
Cruz  Mountains,  and  are  resorts  to  which  many  make  annual  pilgrimage. 

FELTON — SAN  FRANCISCO,  73  MILES. 

The  road  divides  here,  the  northern  branch,  seven  miles  long,  reaching  to  Boulder 
Creek.  This  is  the  gateway  to  Big  Basin,  or  the  redwood  park  owned  by  the  State. 

Boulder  Creek,  Brookdale,  Ben  Lomond,  and  Rowardennan  are  resorts  in  a 
romantic  region. 

3  A  corner  of  the  famous  Hotel  Del  Monte. 

A  memory  of  Spanish  days — the  old  Monterey  Custom-House. 

The  Mission  of  the  Carmel  River,  founded  1771. 

Beneath  the  pine-trees  of  Pacific  Grove. 

Cedars  of  Lebanon,  on  the  Seventeen-Mile  Drive  from  Del  Monte. 
The  crescent  Bay  of  Monterey,  from  the  Drive. 


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BIG  TREES — SAN  FRANCISCO,  74  MILES. 

This  is  a  group  of  giant  redwoods  worth  stopping  to  see.  Fremont  was  sheltered 
in  the  hollow  base  of  one  of  these  trees  before  the  world  went  wild  about  California 
gold. 

SANTA  CRUZ— SAN  FRANCISCO,  79  MILES.    POPULATION,  11,000. 

The  Atlantic  City  of  the  Coast,  with  bathing,  fishing,  driving,  the  Casino,  the 
pleasure-pier,  and  water-front  amusements.  It  is  a  delightful  place  for  recreation  and 
rest,  and  has  a  climate  so  mild  in  winter  as  to  invite  to  permanent  residence.  There 
are  good  hotels,  among  them  the  Casa  del  Rey,  fine  suburban  drives,  an  endless  profu- 
sion of  flowers,  and  the  scenery  of  ocean  and  mountains. 

Twin  Lakes,  Capitola,  and  Aptos  are  seaside  resorts  with  their  own  attractions. 
They  lie  along  the  beach  of  the  Bay  of  Monterey,  at  the  northern  end  of  which  Santa 
Cruz  is  located.  The  beautiful  bay  is  noted  for  its  salmon  fishing  and  for  its  great 
variety  of  other  fish. 

WATSONVILLE— SAN  FRANCISCO,  102  MILES.     POPULATION,  5,000. 

Back  to  the  handsome  little  city  in  the  Pajaro  Valley,  a  place  alive  with  business. 
It  is  the  metropolis  of  the  rich  valley,  and  exports  about  five  thousand  cars  of  apples 
every  season.  The  country  produces  much  small  fruit,  sugar-beets,  beans,  onions,  and 
other  vegetables. 

Crossing  now  to  the  main  line,  we  go  up  to  Gilroy  and  thence  down  the  branch  via 
Carnadero  to  Hollister  and  Tres  Pinos,  valley  towns  in  San  Benito  County.  Tres 
Pinos  is  the  terminus  of  the  line.  Eighteen  miles  from  Carnadero,  and  in  the  rolling 
hills  at  the  head  of  the  valley,  is  a  great  stock-ranch. 

Hollister  is  a  growing  town  of  4,390  people,  situated  in  a  rich  and  beautiful  valley. 

San  Juan  is  reached  from  here ;  a  historic  town  in  its  own  valley,  secluded  and 
serene.  The  old  mission  of  San  Juan  Bautista  is  here,  well  preserved  and  in  use, 
though  founded  in  1797. 

Returning  now  to  Del  Monte  Junction  we  resume  the  transcontinental  trip. 

SALINAS — NEW  ORLEANS,  2,360  MILES.     POPULATION,  5,000. 

This  county-seat  of  Monterey  County  has  a  place  in  a  rich  and  extensive  valley. 
The  mountains  on  either  side  are  Gabilan  and  Santa  Lucia,  belonging  to  the  Coast 
Range.  The  Santa  Lucia  is  wooded,  and  lies  on  the  ocean  side.  The  valley  was  early 
occupied  by  big  ranches,  but  irrigation  is  coming  in  and  farms  will  multiply. 

Salinas  has  good  schools  and  public  buildings,  and  a  great  sugar  factory  near  by 
uses  sugar-beets  grown  in  the  rich  soil. 

SOLEDAD— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,334  MILES. 

A  small  town,  with  the  ruins  of  Mission  Nuestra  Senora  de  la  Soledad  near  by. 
Vancouver's  Pinnacles,  now  a  national  park,  and  the  Paraiso  Hot  Springs  are  reached 
from  here ;  also  from  Salinas. 

KING  CITY^NEW  ORLEANS,  2,314  MILES. 

A  growing  town  in  the  Salinas  Valley.  On  the  Arroyo  Seco,  an  affluent  of  the 
Salinas  River,  are  the  mighty  ruins  of  Mission  San  Antonio  de  Padua,  founded  1771. 
King  City  is  in  a  fertile  valley. 

SAN  MIGUEL— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,271  MILES. 

In  the  upper  Salinas  Valley;  an  old  mission,  stands  close  beside  the  track.  Its 
date  is  1797.  An  adobe  wall  four  miles  long  and  fifteen  feet  high  inclosed  the  mission. 

PASO  ROBLES— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,262  MILES.    POPULATION,  1,600. 

On  the  banks  of  the  Salinas,  and  among  groves  of  oak ;  chiefly  noted  for  its 
valuable  hot  springs  and  the  great  bath-house  connected  with  the  hotel.  This  is  a 
/twr/taw^  of  the  best  type,  fitted  up  luxuriously,  and  with  apparatus  for  applying  water 
remedially.  There  is  said  to  be  no  single  establishment  on  the  continent  of  Europe 
so  completely  furnished  as  this. 

Templeton,  in  the  midst  of  wheat-fields ;  Atascadero,  a  new  townsite,  and  Santa 
Margarita,  the  trading  center  of  a  great  stock-ranch :  then  we  cross  a  spur  of  the 
Santa  Lucia  Range  and  down  into  a  fine  valley  by  a  wonderful  horseshoe  curve. 

SAN  LUIS  OBISPO— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,226  MILES.     POPULATION,  5,157. 

A  prosperous  county  town,  with  a  fine  setting  and  a  varied  agriculture.  The 
tributary  country  extends  to  the  ocean,  and  includes  dairy  products,  grain,  fruits,  nuts, 
and  vegetables  of  all  kinds.  Asphalt  is  found  in  paying  quantities.  A  State  polytechnic 
school  is  here,  and  a  good  little  harbor  is  seven  miles  distant  at  Point  San  Luis. 

Under  the  sycamore-tree— near  Los  Gatos.  4 

Big  Trees  of  Santa  Cruz — alive  when  Moses  was  in  Egypt. 

The  Casino  and  ever  lively  beach  at  Santa  Cruz. 

At  Pajaro,  a  Bellefleur  apple  center. 

Salinas,   the  county-seat  of   Monterey. 

The  hotel  and  Kurhaus  at  Paso  Robles  Hot  Springs. 


Pipe  lines  run  from  several  great  oil  centers,  and  vast  quantities  of  oil  are  shipped 
from  this  port. 

Valuable  sulphur  springs  are  near  the  little  city. 

In  the  heart  of  San  Luis  is  an  old  mission,  San  Luis  Obispo  de  Tolosa,  1772,  con- 
secrated by  Junipero  Serra. 

Oceano,  fourteen  miles  beyond,  is  a  station  in  the  rich  Arroyo  Grande  Valley. 
The  valley  has  noted  flower-seed  farms. 

PIZMO  BEACH. 

Seventeen  miles  of  wide,  firm  sea-sand,  packed  for  automobiles — smooth,  hard,  and 
dustless — and  a  comfortable  hotel,  cottages,  and  tents  mark  a  resort  on  this  central 
coast. 

Guadalupe,  a  shipping  point  for  the  Santa  Maria  Valley,  a  beet-sugar  factory  in 
the  distance,  and  Tangair,  where  the  little  Santa  Ynez  River  finds  the  ocean,  brings  us 
to  Surf,  rock-bound,  where  the  waves  break  into  spray.  A  branch  line  from  here  leads 
back  ten  miles  to  Lompoc  (population,  1,800),  a  colony  town  in  a  fertile  valley  of 
15,000  acres.  It  is  prosperous,  and  grows,  among  other  things,  mustard-seed  and 
apples. 

The  ruins  of  La  Purisima  Concepcion  are  near  here. 

SANTA  BARBARA— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,107  MILES.     POPULATION,  11,659. 

This  most  attractive  city,  with  its  sheltering  mountains  at  its  back,  the  wide  expanse 
of  blue  ocean  in  front,  and  the  chain  of  rocky  islands  that  acts  as  a  breakwater,  is 
known  at  home,  abroad,  and  half  around  the  world  for  its  superb  climate.  There  is 
probably  no  spot  on  any  coast  quite  so  ideal.  The  fine  homes  of  people  who  winter 
here  from  many  states  and  from  England  attest  the  climatic  charm. 

The  Franciscan  Fathers  recognized  it,  and  founded  one  of  their  missions  here  in 
December,  1786.  It  is  well  preserved,  in  daily  use,  and  has  a  stream  of  visitors  from 
everywhere. 

Summerland,  which  started  to  be  a  resort  and  became  an  oil  center,  and  Carpinteria, 
with  its  wonderful  grapevine,  old  as  the  mission  and  larger  than  the  more  ancient 
vine  at  Hampton  Court  in  England,  are  on  our  way  as  the  train  skirts  the  sea. 

VENTURA— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,089  MILES.     POPULATION,  5,000. 

This  is  another  mission  town  thirty  miles  south  from  Santa  Barbara.  This  mission 
was  the  last  work  of  Junipero  Serra,  in  1782. 

Ventura  is  in  the  bean  country,  but  walnuts  are  a  great  feature.  Home  of  the 
beautiful  Pierpont  Inn. 

NORDHOFF,  Ojai  Valley. 

A  school  town  in  the  hills,  and  a  resort  valley  that  is  beautiful,  restful,  healthful, 
and  climatically  unexcelled.  Nordhoff  is  reached  by  a  fifteen-mile  railway  from 
Ventura.  Several  hot  springs  are  accessible  via  Nordhoff. 

MONTALVO— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,084  MILES. 

The  Sunset  Route  diverges  here  and  crosses  the  little  Santa  Clara  Valley,  while 
the  old  lines  go  up  it. 

OXNARD— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,068  MILES.     POPULATION,  4.000. 

A  young  and  growing  town,  erected  by  sugar.  The  beets  grow  in  the  fat  valley, 
and  the  mill  produces  about  1,500  carloads  of  sugar  yearly.  Its  capacity  is  3,000  tons 
of  beets  daily.  Beans,  walnuts,  and  grain  are  also  produced. 

The  Santa  Snsana  Tunnel,  one  and  one-half  miles  long,  forms  a  gateway  that 
shortens  the  line  six  miles,  reduces  the  grade,  and  lets  us  into  the  San  Fernando  Valley. 

BURBANK— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,016  MILES. 

The  center  of  a  rich  farming  country  on  the  edge  of  Los  Angeles  and  the  junction 
point  of  the  new  and  the  old  lines. 

Going  back  to  Montalvo,  let  us  run  rapidly  over  the  old  route. 

SATICOY,  in  midst  of  walnut  groves,  with  fine  "springs. 

SANTA  PAULA— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,072  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  286.    POPULATION,  1,450. 

A  well-built,  enterprising,  and  thrifty  town,  with  large  interests  in  lemons  (the 
principal  industry),  oranges,  apricots,  and  other  fruits,  in  walnuts,  Lima  beans,  and 
petroleum. 

FILLAIORE,  a  prosperous  town ;  having  oil  wells. 

5  In  the  "Forbidden  Garden,"  Santa  Barbara  Mission. 

The  Hotel  Potter,  on  the  Ocean  Boulevard,  Santa  Barbara. 

Mission  San  Buena  Ventura,  founded   1782. 

The  beautiful  Arlington  Hotel,   Santa  Barbara. 

A  mammoth  sugar-squeezer,  the  beet  mill  at  Oxnard. 

The  State  Polytechnic  School  at  San  Luis  Obispo. 


PIRU — XEW  ORLEANS,  2,055  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  681. 

Piru,  watered  by  a  stream  of  the  same  name,  gives  generous  returns  each  season 
in  fruits  and  nuts. 

CAMULOS— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,053  MILES. 

This  cluster  of  houses,  embowered  by  oranges  and  olives,  in  the  romance  of  Helen 
Hunt  Jackson,  under  the  name  of  "Moreno  Ranch,"  was  the  home  of  "Ramona." 

The  general  mountain  range  northward,  and  separating  it  from  the  Mojave,  is  San 
Rafael;  at  the  south  Sierra  San  Fernando. 

SAUGUS— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,038  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  1,159. 

At  Saugus  is  the  junction  point  of  the  line  south,  coming  from  San  Francisco, 
through  San  Joaquin  Valley. 

NEWHALL— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,036  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  1,265. 

Contiguous  to  Newhall,  on  elevated  ground  at  the  east,  are  petroleum  wells  that 
have  been  producers  for  many  years. 

FERNANDO— NEW  ORLEANS,  2,026  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  1,066.    POPULATION,  1,100. 

Fernando  marks  the  site  of  Mission  San  Fernando  Rey  de  Espana,  founded 
September  8,  1797.  The  mountain  range  at  the  south  is  Sierra  de  Santa  Monica,  with 
Santa  Susana  in  the  west,  northerly  the  San  Fernando  Range,  and  San  Gabriel  at 
the  east. 

Passing  Burbank,  the  junction  point,  and  the  pigeon  farm  with  its  100,000  birds, 
we  are  at  River  Station  and  then  at  the  Arcade  Depot. 

LOS  ANGELES—NEW  ORLEANS,  2,003  MILES.     POPULATION,  400,000. 

This  southern  city  is  the  wonder  and  admiration  of  every  visitor.  Its  growth  began 
with  the  advent  of  the  Southern  Pacific  in  1876.  In  1880  there  were  11,093  people 
here:  in  1890,  50,395;  in  1900,  102,479.  Today  the  population  is  well  up  to  the  400,000 
mark,  with  no  sign  of  abatement  of  its  marvelous  expansion.  It  reaches  well  down 
from  the  mountains  toward  the  sea.  A  city  solid  and  substantial  as  it  is  beautiful 
and  luxurious.  The  stability  of  its  growth  is  evident  at  a  glance.  Needing  a  port,  the 
city  annexed  San  Pedro,  secured  the  building  of  a  great  breakwater  and  has  a  good 
deep  water  harbor,  and  several  steamship  and  steam  schooner  lines  serve  the  growing 
commerce.  Four  transcontinental  lines  of  railroad  are  here,  and  perhaps  the  best 
urban  and  interurban  electric  railway — the  most  complete  and  comprehensive — any 
of  us  have  ever  had  the  chance  of  seeing.  One  of  the  most  conspicuous  buildings  in 
the  city  is  the  terminal  station,  furnished  with  all  the  conveniences  of  a  like  station 
on  some  great  trunk  line. 

The  city  has  a  great  water  supply,  drawn  from  the  Sierra  Nevada  240  miles  distant 
at  a  cost  of  $25,000,000.  It  is  now  about  complete,  with  water  enough  for  four  times 
its  present  population. 

There  are  twenty-two  public  parks  within  the  city— one  of  500  acres,  and  one — 
just  outside  the  city  lines — of  3,000  acres.  The  hotels  are  "many,  equal  to  the  demands 
of  the  city  during  great  conventions  and  to  the  requirements  of  the  tourist  season. 

Schools,  churches,  hospitals,  libraries  have  kept  pace  with  the  growth  of  population, 
and  the  residence  section  is  remarkable  for  the  variety  and  character  of  its  architecture 
and  the  charm  of  spacious  grounds  filled  with  flowers  and  ornamental  shrubbery 
and  trees. 

The  adjoining  country  is  a  great  garden  of  citrus  trees,  roses  in  December,  unfailing 
verdure,  perpetual  summer.  And  the  sea-beach  is  lined  with  towns,  which  offer 
permanent  homes  and  provide  recreation  for  summer  visitors.  These  are  quickly 
reached  by  electric  or  steam  lines,  and  many  miles  of  the  radiant  sea-coast  are 
attractive  as  summer  resorts.  The  mountains  also  have  the  charm  of  good  hotels  amid 
pine  forests.  A  great  observatory  is  on  Mount  Lowe.  The  environs  of  the  big  city 
are  everywhere  attractive.  This  will  be  seen  as  we  go  on  our  way  along  the  beach  and 
through  the  orange  towns  eastward. 

SANTA  MONICA— Los  ANGELES,  17  MILES. 

This  is  the  oldest  seaside  town,  located  on  a  bluff  of  the  ocean.  A  good  residence 
town,  with  about  8,000  people;  hotels  and  boarding-houses  in  great  variety. 

OCEAN  PARK  is  a  handsome  little  seaside  city  with  considerable  residential 
population  just  below  Santa  Monica.  VENICE  comes  next,  with  lagoons,  canals, 
arcades,  a  ship  hotel,  music  pavilion,  etc.  Is  a  recreation  center,  but  is  becoming  a 
complete  city.  PLAY  A  DEL  REY  and  REDONDO  are  also  attractive  resorts. 

Fourth   and   Main  streets,  Los  Angeles.  6 

The  ballroom  by  the  sea  at  Ocean  Park. 

Westlake,  one  of  Los  Angeles'  many  beautiful  parks. 

The  lagoon  at  Venice,  a  characteristic  copy  of  the  Italian  city. 

The  wide,  firm  beach  at  Ocean  Park. 

San  Pedro  Harbor,  just  commencing  its  utility. 


SAN  PEDRO— Los  ANGELES,  22  MILES.     POPULATION,  3,500. 

This  is  now  the  port  of  Los  Angeles,  a  strip  of  territory  all  the  way  to  the  sea 
including  it  in  city  lines.  The  great  granite  breakwater  was  built  by  the  Government. 

AVALON,  Santa  Catalina  Island. 

A  delightful  stopping  place  in  a  rocky  fairyland  with  magnificent  drives  and  placid 
and  translucent  waters,  where  the  angler,  if  anywhere,  can  prove  his  skill.  This  fisher- 
man's paradise  is  known  over  half  the  world.  Two  hours  by  steamer  from  San  Pedro. 


LONG  BEACH — Los  ANGELES,  21  MILES.     POPULATION,  17,809. 

A  city  of  business  and  homes ;  quiet  and  restful,  with  a  fine  bathing  beach, 
luxurious  hotel  for  tourists,  the  Virginia. 


It  has  a 


SANTA  ANA — Los  ANGELES,  32  MILES.     POPULATION,  9,000. 

This  is  the  county-seat  of  Orange  County,  and  is  surrounded  by  citrus  and  deciduous 
orchards,  vineyards  and  walnut  groves,  and  fields  of  vegetables  and  grain. 

WHITTIER— Los  ANGELES,  20  MILES.     POPULATION,  4,555. 

A  well-governed  little  city,  the  seat  of  a  State  juvenile  reformatory,  and  surrounded 
by  walnut  groves  and  groves  of  oranges. 

SAN  DIEGO — Los  ANGELES,  126  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  15.    POPULATION,  50,000. 

From  Los  Angeles  this  growing  and  attractive  city  is  reached  by  Santa  Fe  Coast 
Line.  The  wayside  attractions,  not  to  name  its  orange-groves  and  walnut  parks,  include 
the  pathetic  ruins  of  Mission  San  Juan  Capistrano,  founded  November  1,  1776. 
Fully  fifty  miles  of  the  route  overlook  the  ocean  beach. 

San  Diego  has  perennial  attractions,  and  chief  of  these,  on  the  romantic  side,  are 
the  remains  of  Mission  San  Diego  de  Alcala,  founded  by  Father  Serra,  July  16,  1769, 
first-born  of  a  mission  family  of  twenty-one. 

The  city's  architectural  achievements  are  numerous,  its  street  railways  admirable, 
and  commercial  enterprises  of  the  first  order.  There  are  numerous  and  well-appointed 
hotels,  as  the  U.  S.  Grant,  and,  best  known  of  them  the  world  over,  the  famed 
Coronado.  The  Panama-California  Exposition  will  be  at  San  Diego  in  1915. 

PASADENA — Los  ANGELES,  12  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  826.     POPULATION,  20,000. 

From  Los  Angeles  six  or  more  trains  daily  are  scheduled  for  Pasadena,  with 
returning  service  to  correspond.  The  urban  beauty  and  social  atmosphere  of  this  city 
of  refined  homes  must  be  seen  and  breathed  to  be  fully  appreciated. 

MOUNT  LOWE— ALTITUDE,  6,000. 

From  station  door  of  the  Southern  Pacific  Company  at  Pasadena  an  electric  car 
can  be  taken  to  Mount  Lowe,  distant  less  than  sixty  minutes.  A  cable  incline  railway 
gives  safe  transit  to  Echo  Mountain,  3,500  feet  above  ocean  level.  Fifteen  hundred  feet 
upward  is  "Ye  Alpine  Tavern." 

Resuming  our  main-line  journey  from  Los  Angeles,  Shorb,  seven  miles  out,  is 
reached.  Here  a  short  branch  diverges  to  Monrovia  and  Duarte.  If  you  seek  a  sylvan 
paradise,  you  will  find  it  on  this  seventeen-mile  trip. 

SAX  GABRIEL— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,997  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  409.     POPULATION,  1,500. 

A  short  distance  westerly  of  the  station  is  the  Mission  San  Gabriel.  It  was  founded 
September  8,  1771.  It  was  a  powerful  factor  in  the  settlement  of  California  by  the 
Spaniards,  and  on  more  than  one  occasion  came  generously  to  the  assistance  of  the 
less  fortunate. 

Just  beyond  the  long  bridge  which  crosses  the  usual  dry  bed  of  the  San  Gabriel 
River,  a  loop-line  swings  off  to  the  north,  joining  the  main  line  again  at  Pomona. 
On  it  is  Covina,  with  a  population  of  3,000;  San  Dimas,  with  orange-groves  and 
nurseries  of  citrus  fruit ;  and  Lordsburg,  with  a  Dunkard  college. 

POMONA— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,973  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  857.    POPULATION,  12,500. 

The  city  abounds  in  citrus  trees,  and  for  miles  around  are  groves  of  oranges  and 
lemons,  with  sturdy  figs  and  swaying  willowy  olives,  walnuts,  almonds,  and  deciduous 
fruits.  Schools  and  churches  are  features  of  Pomona  life. 

ONTARIO— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,967  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  981.     POPULATION,  4,500. 

Much  pride  is  taken  in  its  avenues  and  drives,  shaded  by  drooping  pepper  and  other, 
ornamental  trees.  A  center  of  oranges. 

North  of  Ontario  the  mountain  range  is  San  Gabriel,  and  the  near-by  peaks  are 
buttresses  of  Mount  San  Antonio. 

Upland,  just  north  of  Ontario,  is  handsome  and  prosperous. 

7  The  Bay  of  Avalon,  on  Catalina's  magic  shore. 

Mission  San  Gabriel,  founded   1771. 

A  home  of  Pasadena,  the  ideal  home  city. 

Long  Beach,  safe  and  sandy. 

Snow  in  California — the  railway  up  Mount  Lowe. 
A  palm-shaded  avenue  of  well-named  Pomona. 


'     ' 


m 


5  M 


CHINO— ALTITUDE,  513.     POPULATION,  1,000. 

Chino  is  centrally  located  on  a  ten-mile  loop  line,  with  terminals  at  Pomona  and 
Ontario.  A  rich  agricultural  section  with  large  beet-sugar  fields  and  a  factory. 

GUASTI  has  a  great  vineyard  of  several  thousand  acres,  and  to  the  north,  about 
the  older  settlement  of  Cucamonga,  are  extensive  orange-groves. 

BLOOMINGTON— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,953  MILES. 

Oranges,  oranges  everywhere,  yet  some  of  us  remember  when  this  was  all  a  sandy 
waste,  seemingly  worth  very  little. 

RIALTO,  three  miles  north,  is  a  growing  town  in  the  midst  of  oranges  and  vine- 
yards, with  grain  growing  on  the  unirrigated  lands. 

COLTON— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,948  MILES.     POPULATION,  3,500. 

This  is  a  tangle  of  railroad  tracks  crossing  at  right  angles,  and  all  about  are  orange- 
groves  and  packing-houses,  besides  a  great  pre-cpoling  plant  erected  by  the  Southern 
Pacific.  A  flour-mill,  granite  and  marble  quarries,  and  a  cement-mill  are  industrial 
features. 

RIVERSIDE— COLTON,  8  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  925.     POPULATION,  15,212. 

From  the  main  line  at  Colton  is  a  short  ride  of  eight  miles  to  Riverside.  The 
Southern  Pacific  station,  in  the  heart  of  the  city,  is  well  worth  special  mention.  The 
seven-mile  Magnolia  Avenue  is  traversed  by  electric  cars,  at  small  cost,  to  the  city 
point  of  departure  at  entrance  of  new  Glenwood  Hotel.  On  this  model  electric  line, 
in  the  city  suburbs,  the  general  Government  has  purchased  a  fine  tract  of  land  and 
created  an  Indian  school. 

The  city  is  an  orange-grove ;  marvelous  avenues  have  been  created,  bordered  by 
magnolias,  peppers,  and  palms,  accented  here  and  there  by  homes  representing  the 
highest  modern  cultivation ;  and  stretching  away  from  the  city's  center,  miles  of 
distance  at  all  points  of  the  compass,  stand  rank  on  rank  of  fruit-bearing  trees, 
orange  and  lemon  groves  in  the  lead,  but  leading  only,  for  hardly  can  any  earthly  fruit 
be  called  for  without  response  at  Riverside.  To  these  add  floral  and  architectural 
beauty  and  the  cheerful  social  atmosphere  that  burnishes  the  golden. 

SAN  BERNARDINO— COLTON,  3  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  975.     POPULATION,  12,779. 

A  three-mile  ride  from  Colton,  or  it  may  be  inspected  by  a  stopover  en  route  to 
or  from  Redlands.  It  is  the  oldest  urban  place  in  San  Bernardino  Valley,  is  the  seat 
of  government  for  its  namesake  county,  and  in  manufacturing,  mercantile,  and 
banking  interests  stands  well  at  the  front.  It  is  the  center  of  a  valuable  citrus  and 
deciduous  fruit  section,  and  headquarters  for  tourists'  visits  to  Squirrel  Inn,  Little  Bear 
Valley,  Harlem  Hot  Springs,  Midway  Springs,  and  the  famous  Arrowhead  Hot 
Springs,  named  after  a  giant  arrowhead  plainly  carved  by  the  hand  of  Nature  on  the 
mountainside.  The  springs  are  remarkable,  and  served  by  a  luxuriously  appointed 
hotel.  The  Southern  Pacific  has  a  motor  line  to  Redlands. 


LOMA  LINDA — NEW  ORLEANS,  1,945  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  1,055. 

This  is  a  sanitarium  between  Colton  and  Redlands.  It  is  well  equipped  and  con- 
ducted after  the  Battle  Creek  (Michigan)  methods  of  treatment. 

REDLANDS — REDLANDS  JUNCTION,  3  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  1.350.     POPULATION,  13,000. 

This  unique  and  beautiful  city  lies  just  over  the  brow  of  the  hill  as  the  train  passes 
up  the  San  Timeteo  Canyon.  Smiley  Heights,  the  show  place  of  the  city  and  the 
most  restful  and  satisfying  example  of  landscape  gardening  at  its  best,  is  on  the  very 
crest  of  the  hill  which  forms  one  side  of  the  canyon. 

Redlands  is  "beautiful  for  situation,"  and  beautiful  because  it  is  a  vast  orange- 
grove,  broken  only  by  streets,  residences,  and  the  ornamented  grounds  of  its  citizens. 
Few  cities  of  its  size  have  so  many  elegant  homes,  or  are  so  embowered  in  roses  and 
bloom  of  orange  and  the  semitropical  growths  which  flourish  here. 

The  setting  of  the  valley,  a  wilderness  of  green  rimmed  by  great  mountains,  makes 
a  picture  that  is  always  pleasing,  new,  and  varied  with  the  season. 

Mount  San  Bernardino,  at  the  north,  usually  snow-crowned,  with  11,800  feet  alti- 
tude, is  seen  from  the  cars,  beginning  as  far  west  as  Los  Angeles,  and  will  be  seen 
until  Indio  is  reached. 

Mount  San  Gorgonio  (popularly  Graj'back)  is  companion  of  Mount  San  Bernardino, 
with  12,500  feet  altitude. 

Along  the  route  of  the  Orange  Belt  Excursion.  8 

The  court  of  California's  mission  inn,  the  Glenwood. 

The  stately  Court-House  at  Riverside. 

An  olive  orchard  at  San  Bernardino. 

The  Smiley  Public  Library  at  Redlands. 

A  street  of  San  Bernardino. 


BEAUMONT— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,925  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  2,560. 

This  broad  cleft  through  which  the  train  is  passing  is  the  San  Gorgonio  Pass.  On 
the  north  is  the  San  Bernardino  Range,  on  the  south  the  San  Jacinto  Mountains. 
Beaumont  crowns  the  pass,  and  connects  the  valley,  which  extends  to  Los  Angeles, 
with  the  ancient  sea-bed  which  we  know  as  the  Colorado  Desert. 


BANNING— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,919  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  2,317. 

Just  on  the  edge  of  the  great  depression,  but  with  a  good  elevation, 
orchards  and  grain-fields. 


A  place  of 


PALM  SPRINGS— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,898  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  584. 

This  station,  is  in  the  midst  of  drifting  sands,  on  the  rainless  rim  of  the  thirsty 
plains. 

Palm  Springs,  five  miles  from  the  station,  is  a  place  of  springs  and  palms,  making 
an  oasis  on  the  edge  of  the  desert.  Nature's  hint  has  been  followed,  and  a  sanitarium 
with  cottages,  a  hotel,  shaded  grounds,  fruit-trees  and  vineyards,  and  good  medical 
care,  is  here.  There  is  a  church,  store,  postoffice,  and  telephone. 

Palm  Valley,  five  miles  south,  has  a  luxuriant  grove  of  giant  palms.  How  they 
got  here  no  one  knows.  The  air  is  wonderfully  dry,  but  thermal  and  other  springs 
keep  the  roots  of  the  palms  moist. 

INDIO— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,875  MILES.     DEPRESSION,  20. 

Although  below  sea-level,  yet  here  are  artesian  wells  and  fruitful  fields  and  homes 
in  the  desert.  The  area  of  cultivation  is  expanding,  and  green  fields  never  seemed 
more  beautiful.  Stores  and  packing-houses  show  that  business  is  good. 

COACHELLA— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,870  MILES.    DEPRESSION,  70. 

A  valley  spreads  away  here  for  eight  by  fifteen  miles  or  more,  an  arm,  probably, 
of  the  great  valley  beyond  Salton  Sea.  It  will  be  closely  populated  and  tilled,  artesian 
water  being  easily  reached.  Cantaloupes,  onions,  cabbage,  and  other  vegetables  and 
fruits  ripen  early  and  catch  the  hungry  market.  Railroad  and  other  lands  are  selling 
rapidly. 

At  Thermal  the  depression  has  reached  124  feet,  at  Mecca  195  feet.  The  Govern- 
ment date  garden  is  here. 

Cotton  and  dates  promise  large  returns,  while  the  general  farm  is  multiplying. 
There  will  be  here  a  great  producing  center  and  an  oasis  charming  by  reason  of  its 
palms  and  orchards. 

SALTON  SEA— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,850  MILES.    DEPRESSION,  253. 

A  fragment,  perhaps,  of  the  Gulf  of  California,  the  head  of  it  infilled  by  the  soil- 
carrying  Colorado  River,  which  built  the  Imperial  Valley.  The  map  of  the  Recla- 
mation Service  for  1906  gave  the  water  surface  as  247  square  miles.  This  was  due  to 
the  break  in  the  Colorado  River,  its  whole  volume  pouring  into  this  depression  for 
nearly  two  years.  The  railway  skirts  the  shore  for  nearly  sixty  miles. 

IMPERIAL  JUNCTION— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,821  MILES. 

A  station  of  the  middle  desert,  a  branch  line  southward  to  the  international  bound- 
ary between  California  and  Mexico,  and  the  line  marked  by  towns  surrounded  by 
prosperous  farms.  Here  are  Brawley  (eighteen  miles  out),  Imperial  (twenty-seven 
miles),  El  Centre  (thirty-one  miles),  and  Calexico  (forty  miles).  Holtville  is  on  the 
east  side,  at  the  end  of  an  interurban  railway,  and  is  one  of  the  most  promising  towns 
in  the  valley.  This  is  Imperial  Valley,  with  20,000  people  in  it.  Here  ten  years  ago 
were  nakedness  and  silence.  There  are  275,000  acres  under  cultivation  and  400,000 
more  that  are  irrigable.  A  high-line  canal  will  bring  a  large  area  under  cultivation 
that  can  not  now  be  reached,  so  that  there  will  be  room  for  more  towns  and  settlers 
as  soon  as  water  can  be  provided.  There  are  some  problems,  but  they  are  working 
out  satisfactorily,  and  this  valley,  great  in  area,  abounding  in  sunshine,  with  plenty 
of  water  and  a  soil  from  50  to  500  feet  deep,  is  wonderfully  fertile.  Everything 
grows,  and  to  all  staple  California  crops  is  being  added  cotton.  Perhaps  20,000  acres 
are  growing  cotton  at  this  writing.  At  present  there  is  no  public  land  that  can  be 
watered,  but  the  canal  system  will  be  extended  and  new  districts  formed.  It  is  worth 
while  to  watch  the  future  of  this  amazing  valley. 

YUMA — NEW  ORLEANS,  1,804  MILES.     POPULATION,  3,500.    . 

Reclamation  work  is  being  done  here  on  a  great  scale  by  the  Government.  Yuma  has 
long  been  a  good  trading  center,  supplying  a  large  mining  territory,  and  has  had  about 
it  150,000  acres  of  tillable  land.  This  will  now  be  irrigated,  and  much  mesa  land 
will  also  be  supplied  with  water,  a  giant  siphon  passing  under  the  river  bed  to  provide 
water  for  lands  on  the  Arizona  side.  The  cost  of  the  Laguna  Dam,  fourteen  miles 
above  Yuma,  with  all  that  pertains  to  the  system,  will  approximate  $6,000,000.  The 

9  Palm  Canyon,  an  oasis  of  the  American  desert. 

The  railroad  runs  close  to  the  mountain  wall. 

Salton  Sea  at  sunrise,  from  the  railroad  track. 

Where  golden  dates  ripen  at  Calexico,  on  the  border. 

Figs  grow  to  perfection  at  Yuma,  Arizona. 

Original  Americans  selling  their  wares  at  Yuma. 


••••"•»     — • 


siphon  is  of  steel,  fourteen  feet  in  diameter,  and  discharges  at  the  rate  of  1,400  feet 
per  second.  The  dam  itself  is  the  only  structure  of  its  kind  in  this  country. 

The  lands  about  Yuma  will  produce  the  crops  of  almost  every  land,  as  corn  and 
small  grains,  figs,  dates,  grapes,  oranges  and  lemons,  vegetables  and  alfalfa.  The 
winter  climate  is  ideal. 

The  town  has  substantial  blocks  of  brick  and  stone,  first-class  school  buildings  and 
churches,  and  an  enlarging  commercial  life.  It  will  in  time  become  a  winter  resort, 
the  weather  here  being  superb  for  half  the  year — an  ideal  winter  climate. 

Laguna  Dam  is  twelve  miles  above  Yuma,  and  reached  by  a  branch  line.  Many 
miles  of  canals  are  built,  and  substantial  levees  protect  the  lands  from  the  river  at 
flood. 

MARICOPA— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,592  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  1,173. 

Maricopa  is  a  junction  point,  a  branch — the  Arizona  Eastern — connecting  the  Sunset 
Route  with  Phoenix  and  the  Salt  River  Valley.  Turn  aside  and  look  at  the  great 
oasis  made  by  water  and  cultivation.  Some  development  is  going  on  here  at  Maricopa. 

TEMPE — MARICOPA,  26  MILES. 

Seven  miles  out  we  cross  the  bed  of  the  Gila  over  a  very  long  bridge.  Tempe  has 
much  sylvan  beauty,  and  great  clover-fields  delight  the  eye.  The  Government  has  a 
date  plantation  here  of  thirty  acres,  twelve  of  which  are  bearing.  It  is  an  experiment 
in  determining  the  most  valuable  varieties  for  this  section.  One  of  the  normal  schools 
of  Arizona  is  here,  and  a  large  breadth  of  alfalfa,  orchards,  and  vineyards. 

PHOENIX— MARICOPA,  35  MILES. 

The  county-seat  of  Maricopa  County  and  the  capital  of  Arizona,  Phoenix,  is  a 
handsome  city  of  15,000  people.  It  is  centrally  located  in  the  Salt  River  Valley,  and 
has  more  than  600  square  miles  of  irrigable  lands  of  the  highest  order  tributary  to  it. 

Here  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  and  prosperous  farming  regions  to  be  found  in 
any  country.  Its  products  are  live  stock,  alfalfa  and  sugar-beets,  oranges,  and  ostriches, 
a  remakable  combination,  all  necessary  save  oranges  and  ostriches,  and  the  product 
of  the  tree  and  of  the  bird  are  as  much  in  demand  as  beefsteak. 

Here  are  the  fields  the  prehistoric  people  leveled  and  the  remains  of  the  canals 
which  they  constructed,  and  here  is  a  soil  as  fertile  as  the  farmer  could  wish,  with 
a  permanent  water  supply,  under  a  most  stimulating  climate. 

The  Roosevelt  Dam  is  in  the  mountains,  seventy-five  miles  away,  reached  via  Mesa 
City.  At  Granite  Reef,  where  the  current  is  increased  by  the  flow  of  the  Verde  River, 
a  great  diversion  weir  is  built,  and  from  there  water  is  supplied  to  the  distributing 
canals.  It  is  a  great  plant,  and  insures  a  permanent  supply  of  water  at  all  seasons  for 
250,000  acres.  A  large  area — about  40,000  acres — will  also  be  irrigated  from  wells, 
pumped  by  electric  power. 

The  power  feature  is  a  valuable  one,  and  promises  to  reduce  the  final  cost  of  lands 
very  greatly. 

MESA  CITY— TEMPE,  7  MILES. 

The  track  divides  at  Tempe  and  lands  us  at  a  growing  town  of  1,700  people  or  more, 
sharing  in  the  valley  soils  and  the  water  supply. 

This  is  a  cantaloupe  section,  but  besides  live  stock  it  grows  alfalfa,  oranges,  peaches, 
and  seedless  grapes.  Schools  are  excellent,  and  there  are  good  houses. 

Returning  now  to  the  main  line,  we  are  at 

CASA  GRANDE— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,571  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  1,396. 

Some  irrigation  is  practised  in  the  country  between  here  and  the  Gila.  It  was 
cultivated  by  the  prehistoric  people  and  their  irrigating  canals  can  still  be  traced. 
Sixteen  miles  out  stands  the  Casa  Grande  ruins,  the  great  house  of  the  ancient  race, 
several  stories  high.  The  foundations,  recently  uncovered  by  the  Government,  show  a 
great  many  rooms  of  good  size.  It  is  one  of  the  most  interesting  remains  of  an  un- 
known age.  No  pottery  of  the  actual  builders  have  ever  been  found.  Indian  tribes 
occupied  the  great  house  hundreds  of  years  after  the  builders  had  disappeared. 

TUCSON— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,504  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  2,360.    POPULATION,  20,000. 

Tucson  and  the  mission,  nine  miles  distant,  have  a  recorded  history  reaching  to  the 
year  1700.  It  is  a  well-built,  opulent  city,  retaining  some  of  its  old-time  architecture 
with  picturesque  effect.  The  Territorial  University  is  here,  and  an  agricultural 
experiment  station,  and  the  land  office  for  the  district. 

It  has  fine  churches,  schools,  business  blocks,  hotels,  and  a  sumptuous  building  for  its 
public  library.  Tucson  is  well  entitled  to  make  strong  claims  for  its  own  healthfulness. 
The  picturesque  mountains  at  the  north  are  Santa  Catalina,  and  at  the  west  the  Tucson 
Range. 


The  great  Laguna  Dam,  Yuma  Irrigation  Project. 

In  a  Tempe  date-palm  grove. 

The  State  Capitol  of  Arizona  at  Phoenix. 

Roosevelt  Dam,  holding  back  a  lake  that  surfaces  17,000  acres. 

The  Bank  of  Salt  River  Valley,  Mesa,  Arizona. 

The  Mission  San  Xavier  del  Bac. 


10 


Tucson  has  the  Santa  Cruz  River  on  its  borders,  a  sunken  river  for  most  of  its 
course,  but  its  waters  are  being  raised,  and  many  farms  are  developing.  This  city  is 
attractive  for  its  scenery,  its  healthful  air,  its  university,  and  the  fine  old  mission  just 
below.  This  is  San  Xavier  del  Bac,  nine  miles  distant.  The  mines  of  Tumacacori  are 
also  near  by.  Chalqueyuma,  for  example,  opposite  Rillito,  fifteen  miles  below  Tucson, 
on  the  banks  of  the  Santa  Cruz,  shows  nearly  a  square  mile  of  buried  foundations. 
At  the  mouth  of  Bear  Canyon  the  form  of  ancient  dwellings  may  be  traced  by  the 
foundation  stones,  and  the  form  of  ancient  walled  places  of  refuge  may  be  studied  in 
the  ruined  walls  on  the  top  of  Tumamoc  Hill,  west  of  Tucson. 

The  natural  roads  around  Tucson  and  other  parts  of  the  county  are  remarkable  for 
their  excellence. 

XOGALES  is  on  border,  the  international  boundary  line  passing  through  the  city. 
Xogales  has  recently  installed  water  and  sewer  systems. 

BENSON— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,458  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  3,578. 

This  flourishing  town  is  open  east  and  west  via  the  Sunset  Route  of  the  Southern 
Pacific,  and  south  and  east  via  the  El  Paso  &  Southwestern,  giving  it  connection  with 
great  mining  centers.  The  valley  has  the  little  farm  towns  of  St.  David  and  San 
Marco,  and  prosperous  farming  settlements. 

COCHISE— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,427  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  4,222. 

The  branch  line  here  runs  to  the  Pierce  mining  district,  producing  gold,  silver,  and 
copper ;  Dragoon  Mountains  at  the  south. 

Between  Cochise  and  Willcox  the  train  traverses  a  notable  alkali  flat — all  that 
remains  of  an  ancient  lake.  Here  every  sunny  day — which  practically  means  every 
day — mirages  float  before  the  eyes  of  the  train  travelers. 

WILLCOX — NEW  ORLEANS,  1,416  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  4,164. 

An  old-time  stock-grazing  center.  Outlying  valleys  are  San  Pedro,  San  Simon,  and 
Sulphur  Springs.  These  valleys  supported  200,000  head  of  cattle.  The  San  Simon  and 
Sulphur  Springs  valleys  have  a  sandy  soil,  and  carry  a  broad  underground  stream  of 
water  a  few  feet  below  the  surface,  and  are  corning  under  cultivation.  Many  farms  are 
now  found  in  Sulphur  Springs  Valley  about  Willcox  watered  by  wells.  A  good  school- 
building  here  will  attract  attention.  The  development  of  the  valley  will  do  much  for 
Willcox. 


1 


RAILROAD  PASS— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,408  MILES. 

The  small  watercourse  near  here  is  called  Dos  Cabezos  Creek ;  mountains  at  the 
north,  Pinaleno  Range ;  these  include  Mount  Graham  and  Fort  Grant ;  at  the  south  the 
Chiricahua  Range.  South,  the  double  peak  is  Dos  Cabezos,  a  landmark  of  frontier  days. 

BOWIE— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,390  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  2,759. 

This  is  a  junction  point  for  a  line  extending  northerly  through  the  rich  Gila  Valley 
to  Globe,  124  miles  distant,  the  copper-mining  center.  The  line  is  called  the  Arizona 
Eastern.  A  substantial  table  is  set  in  the  hotel  at  Bowie. 

The  Arizona  Eastern  line  traverses  the  Gila  Valley,  with  several  good  towns  set  in 
the  midst  of  alfalfa  and  orchards. 

A  good  valley  with  a  fine  water  supply.    Considerable  land  for  sale. 

SIMON  is  in  Arizona,  Steins  in  New  Mexico.  The  monument  of  Cochise,  the  fierce 
old  Apache  chieftain,  is  on  the  mountain  top.  San  Simon  Valley  has  artesian  water, 
and  will  break  out  in  farms.  Many  homesteads  have  been  located. 

LORDSBURG— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,340  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  4,245. 

From  Lordsburg  the  Arizona  and  New  Mexico  railway  line  extends  to  the  copper 
mines  at  Clifton  and  Morenci.  In  railway  operating,  it  is  a  busy  line,  and  its  tributary 
country  is  rich  in  mines  and  pasturage.  New  houses  are  seen  and  a  new  public  school. 
The  town  serves  a  wide  country. 

DEMING — NEW  ORLEANS,  1,280  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  4,334. 

Deming  is  a  thriving  city,  with  valuable  resources  in  mines,  cattle,  and  farm  lands. 
The  El  Paso  &  Southwestern  Railway  is  the  terminal  point  of  the  Santa  Fe  from 
Chicago  on  the  north,  and  has  a  branch  line  to  Silver  City,  forty-eight  miles  distant. 
The  Mimbres  River  is  here  an  underground  stream,  and  irrigation  is  practised.  The 
river  flows  at  a  depth  of  from  twenty  to  sixty  feet  under  the  entire  valley,  and  there  is 
believed  to  be  water  enough  to  irrigate  the  whole  valley.  Many  pumping  plants  have 
been  put  in  around  Deming  and  vast  areas  of  rich  irrigable  lands  are  still  in  a  raw 


11 


A  wood  render  at  Nogales,  Old  Mexico. 

The  American  side  of  Nogales,  Arizona. 

In  the  American  section. 

The  Mexican  Nogales — the  Custom-House. 

Arizona  cattle  at  Willcox,  ready  for  shipment. 


~ ; 


state,  inviting  the  settler.  Fruits  of  fine  quality  are  grown  here,  vegetables  of  all  kinds, 
and  beans  are  produced  as  a  field  crop.  Two  health  resorts  are  in  the  mountains — 
Faywood  Springs  and  the  Mimbres  Hop  Springs. 

EL  PASO— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,194  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  3,713.    POPULATION,  46,000. 

This  hustling  American  city  was  originally  Paso  del  Norte,  the  pass  of  the  north, 
going  from  old  Mexico  to  the  territory  on  the  north.  It  was  a  hamlet  in  1598  when 
visited  by  Onate,  a  Spanish  adventurer,  in  command  of  a  body  of  troops.  In  1858  it 
was  still  a  sleepy  hamlet  of  about  300  people,  the  nearest  railroad  or  telegraph  station 
more  than  a  thousand  miles  away.  Today  there  are  eight  railroads  and  100  miles  of 
track  in  the  freight  yards. 

It  is  the  western  terminus  of  the  Texas  &  Pacific  Railway  and  eastern  of  the  El  Paso 
&  Southwestern  System.  Is  reached  by  the  Chicago,  Rock  Island  &  Texas,  and  by  the 
Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  from  the  north,  the  National  of  Mexico  from  the  south, 
and  by  the  Rio  Grande,  Sierra  Madre  &  Pacific  Railway  from  the  gold  placers  of  the 
Yaqui,  and  connected  with  the  Atlantic  and  Pacific  by  the  lines  of  the  Southern  Pacific. 

The  El  Paso  &  Southwestern  System,  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio, 
and  the  Atchison,  Topeka  &  Santa  Fe  all  have  large  shops  located  at  this  point,  and  the 
El  Paso  &  Southwestern  System  has  its  general  offices  in  this  city. 

The  railroads  distribute  annually  $3,000,000  in  El  Paso  from  pay-roll  and  main- 
tenance accounts.  There  are  mammoth  smelting-works  in  the  western  suburbs,  and  the 
manufacturing  activities  cover  many  lines.  El  Paso  is  a  mining  center,  and  as  a  trade 
distributer  covers  a  vast  territory.  There  are  many  noble  public  buildings — United 
States  custom-house  and  court  buildings,  hospitals,  schools,  churches,  banks,  mercantile 
houses,  and  hotels. 

Ciudad  Juarez,  the  Mexican  city  on  the  south  side  of  the  Rio  Grande,  is  worthy  of 
a  call  at  least.  It  has  a  notable  old  church,  in  no  essential  changed  since  Mass  was 
first  said  in  it  300  years  ago. 

Eastward  from  El  Paso  the  railway  time  is  Central,  and  two  hours  faster  than 
Pacific,  which  "rules  the  rail"  out  of  San  Francisco  to  El  Paso. 

The  Rio  Grande  Irrigation  Project  means  the  expenditure  of  more  than  $8,000,000 
and  the  development  of  water  to  irrigate  the  Rio  Grande  Valley,  approximately 
200,000  acres. 

FORT  HANCOCK— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,109  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  2,519. 

This  is  a  military  post,  and  is  about  a  mile  from  the  station  near  the  banks  of  the 
Rio  Grande.  There  are  high  bluffs  on  the  Mexican  side  of  the  river,  beautifully  marked 
by  the  weathering  of  crystalline  strata. 

SIERRA  BLANCA— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,100  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  4,512. 

We  are  at  the  junction  of  the  Texas  &  Pacific.  Its  northern  terminal  is  Texarkana, 
a  vexing  compound  word  that  yet  serves  a  good  purpose.  Sierra  Blanca  gets  its  name 
from  a  singularly  white  or  drab  mountain  in  the  vicinity — a  "quaker"  among  mountains. 
It  is  on  the  south,  as  is  Quitman  also ;  northerly  are  the  Crizo  Mountains,  in  the  middle 
distance  Sierra  del  Diablo,  and  far  away  the  Guadalupe  range. 

VALENTINE— NEW  ORLEANS,  1,031  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  4,424. 

Here  are  grazing  plains  with  large  herds  of  cattle,  and  recently  bands  of  antelopes. 

FORT  DAVIS. 

A  health  resort  known  far  beyond  the  borders  of  Texas.  It  is  twenty-two  miles 
north  of  the  little  station  called  Marfa  at  the  foot  of  Davis  Mountains.  It  is  the  site 
of  a  former  United  States  military  post. 

PAISANO— NEW  ORLEANS,  983  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  5,082. 
This  is  the  crest  of  the  Sunset  Route ;  mark  the  elevation. 

ALPINE — NEW  ORLEANS,  970  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  4,485. 

This  is  a  handsome  town  of  2,500  people,  the  county-seat  of  Brewster  County.  It 
occupies  part  of  the  level,  circular  valley,  some  of  the  picturesque  mountains  reaching  a 
height  of  8,000  feet. 

MARATHON— NEW  ORLEANS,  939  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  4,043. 

A  region  of  fine  summers  and  mild  winters.  A  rubber  factory  is  located  here, 
producing  rubber  from  a  weed  or  plant  called  guayule. 

HAYMOND,  SANDERSON,  LOZIER  are  stations  in  a  great  table-land.  There 
is  much  charm  of  mountain  air,  and  much  attraction  for  stockmen  and  for  raisers  of 
sheep  and  goats.  Sanderson  is  the  county-seat  of  Terrell  County. 

San  Antonio  Street  in  hustling  El  Paso,  Texas.  12 

In  Texas,  down  by  the  Rio  Grande. 

A  quiet  stretch  on  the  Devil's  River. 

The  weathered  cliffs  of  Pump  Canyon. 

Belie,   with   their  quaint  sculpturing,   its  unromantic  name. 

The  market-place,  Juarez,  on  the  Mexican  side. 


PECOS  RIVER. 

This  river  reaches  up  into  New  Mexico  and  drains  and  irrigates  a  large  slope  of 
country.  The  climate  of  all  this  region  is  fine  and  healthy,  with  good  fishing  and 
hunting  and  attractive  scenery. 

THE  PECOS  BRIDGE. 

At  Viaduct  the  engineers  have  thrown  a  spider's  web  of  steel  across  the  gorge  of 
the  Pecos.  Its  extreme  length  is  2,184  feet,  and  its  height  321  feet  above  the  bed  of  the 
river.  This  airy  and  graceful  structure  is  solid  as  a  rock,  and  one  of  the  notable 
railway  bridges  of  the  world. 

COMSTOCK  and  LANGTRY  are  important  shipping  points  in  Valverde  County, 
and  sheepmen  and  cattlemen  make  their  headquarters  here. 

Castle  Canyon  has  some  fine  examples  of  natural  sculpture,  the  sand-blast  and  water 
carving  the  rocks  into  fantastic  shapes. 

DEL  RIO — XEW  ORLEANS,  741  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  954.     POPULATION,  7,500. 

This  is  a  border  town  and  a  port  of  entry  from  Mexico,  and  for  bonded  goods  in 
transit  to  Mexico.  A  large  section  pays  tribute  to  Del  Rio.  The  town  has  banks, 
churches,  schools,  telephone  exchange,  and  newspapers,  and  this  is  a  division  point  on 
the  Sunset  Route.  It  is  the  center  of  a  great  wool-producing  section.  The  climate  is 
almost  ideal,  and  Devil's  River  a  short  distance  west  offers  fine  bass  fishing. 

SPOFFORD— NEW  ORLEANS,  705  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  1,015. 

A  branch  runs  southward  to  Eagle  Pass,  making  connection  with  the  Mexican 
International  Railway  for  City  of  Mexico. 

EAGLE  PASS. 

This  little  city  has  nearly  4,000  people,  and  is  the  county-seat  of  Maverick  County. 
A  large  trade  comes  from  the  Mexican  side,  and  there  are  fine  modern  stores,  schools, 
churches,  and  other  public  buildings.  The  gulf  breeze  tempers  the  summers  and 
modifies  the  air  of  winter. 


UVALDE — NEW  ORLEANS,  664  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  930.    POPULATION,  5,000. 

Uvalde  is  an  influential  county  town,  and  is  the  center  of  a  wide  area  of  stock-raising 
and  agricultural  country,  and  also  of  the  bee  industry.  Angora  goats  are  extensively 
raised.  The  town  is  located  on  Leona  River,  and  is  growing  rapidly.  Only  a  small  per 
cent,  of  the  lands  in  all  this  region  are  under  cultivation,  and  the  low  price,  the  fine 
climate,  and  the  range  of  products  make  this  part  of  Texas  desirable. 

SABINAL — NEW  ORLEANS,  642  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  936. 

Down  in  Texas  they  speak  of  the  "Sabinal  country,"  a  region  well  known  for  its 
agricultural  resources,  its  diversity  of  soil,  its  hay,  bee  culture,  and  other  industries. 

The  population  of  Sabinal  is  about  2,500.  The  territory  thereabouts  is  rapidly 
developing. 

HONDO— NEW  ORLEANS,  621  MILES.    POPULATION,  3,000. 

This  is  the  county-seat  of  Medina  County,  and  a  thriving  town ;  ships  many  queen 
bees  and  bee-keepers'  supplies.  The  county  has  many  fine  farms,  and  a  majority  of  the 
settlers  are  of  German  descent.  Fruit  grows  well  in  large  variety.  Land  is  very  fertile 
and  cheap,  and  with  careful  cultivation  produces  heavily. 

SAN  ANTONIO— NEW  ORLEANS,  572  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  686.    POPULATION,  105.000. 

A  live  city  in  the  midst  of  a  rich  country,  and  with  a  most  salubrious  climate.  Behind 
it  is  an  empire  contributing  cotton,  live-stock,  and  general  farm  produce,  and  railways 
radiate  to  various  points  of  the  compass  doing  "the  king's  business"  which  "requires 
haste." 

Its  most  important  line  is  that  of  the  Sunset  Route,  which,  in  its  new  Union  Station, 
has  here  one  of  the  finest  passenger  stations  in  America,  and  which  connects  with  all 
the  world  through  San  Francisco  on  the  Pacific  and  New  Orleans  at  the  east.  The  city 
is  watered  by  the  San  Antonio  River  and  some  small  tributaries,  including  Saladp. 
There  are  twenty-one  parks,  several  hot  sulphur  wells,  and  seven  large  hotels.  Here 
are  located  the  largest  military  post  in  the  United  States,  Fort  Sam  Houston,  and  the 
famed  hot  sulphur  well  and  hotel,  with  hundreds  of  cures  to  its  credit.  A  fine  supply 
of  artesian  water  of  great  purity,  a  splendid  system  of  electric  street  railways,  miles  of 
paved  streets  and  macadamized  roads,. good  schools  and  churches,  with  much  game 
in  the  country  and  fish  in  the  streams,  combined  with  climatic  attractions  and  historic 


13 


One  of  the  irrigating  canals  that  are  achieving  Texas'  destiny 

Table  vegetables  prove  profitable  at  Eagle  Pass.      Here  are  potatoes 

And  here  cucumbers  cumber  not  the  ground 

The  busy  town  of  Uvalde  has  pleasant  picnic-grounds 

The  Court-House  at  Uvalde,  an  important  Texas  town 

The  Court-House  at  Hondo,  a  town  as  busy  as  the  bees  it  ships 


associations,  make  San  Antonio  a  place  of  resort  as  well  as  of  traffic.  It  is  one  of  the 
healthiest  cities  in  the  Union,  and  is  both  a  summer  and  winter  resort.  It  is  destined 
lo  be  one  of  the  notable  cities  of  the  Southwest  and  the  South,  as  its  people  are 
progressive,  public  spirited.  The  city  possesses  several  very  fine  hotels  of  recent 
construction. 

THE  ALAMO 

Western  people  will  want  to  see  the  immortal  Alamo. 

In  this  semi-military  church,  during  the  war  with  Mexico  by  Texas  for  its  inde- 
pendence, in  March,  1836,  182  citizen  soldiers  were  besieged  by  Santa  Ana  in  command 
of  5,000  Mexican  regulars.  At  an  early  day  a  retreat  might  have  been  made  with  some 
losses ;  but  the  heroic  band  believed  their  death  would  serve  their  country  better  than 
ignoble  flight.  It  should  be  noted  that  while  their  number  originally  was  but  150,  yet 
during  the  siege  thirty-two  others  fought  their  way  in  to  share  the  closing  massacre. 
At  the  end  of  eleven  days  the  sacrifice  was  completed — all  were  dead !  Travis,  the 
commander,  fell  at  his  post  of  duty,  on  the  wall ;  Colonel  Bowie  in  bed,  so  sick  he 
could  not  rise  to  receive  the  bayonet-thrust  of  the  foe,  was  murdered  where  he  lay. 
David  Crockett  died  behind  a  rampart  of  assailants  he  had  slain.  There  was  no 
chivalrous  recognition  of  valor ;  the  last  defender  died.  One  woman,  with  a  young 
child,  and  a  negro  servant,  were  left  to  tell  the  tale.  On  the  monument  Texas  has 
inscribed:  "Thermopylae  had  its  messenger  of  defeat;  the  Alamo  had  none."  The 
Alamo  is  now  being  restored. 

Within  easy  drive  of  the  city  there  are  the  remains  of  old  missions,  whose  interesting 
ruins  carry  one  back  to  a  time  when  San  Antonio  was  the  capital  of  the  ancient  Spanish 
province  of  Texas. 

SEGUIN — NEW  ORLEANS,  537  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  599.     POPULATION,  3,700. 

This  attractive  city  is  about  one  mile  south  of  the  station.  It  deals  largely  in  cotton, 
live  stock,  corn,  and  oats.  Seguin  has  water-power  possibilities  that  could  make  it  one 
of  the  principal  manufacturing  centers  of  Texas.  Contiguous  to  the  city  are  the  falls  of 
the  Guadalupe  River — untold  wealth  literally  running  to  waste. 

Pecan,  natural  oak,  elm,  hickory,  and  mesquite  are  the  principal  tree  growths. 
Seguin  is  the  county-seat  of  Guadalupe  County,  and  is  one  of  the  most  prosperous 
towns  on  the  line. 

LULING — NEW  ORLEANS,  516  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  416.    POPULATION,  2,500. 

Luling  is  an  attractive,  progressive  city  and  deals  heavily  in  cotton,  produced  in  a 
rich  tributary  country.  It  is  watered  and  drained  by  an  affluent  of  Guadalupe  River. 
The  San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railway  connects  Luling  with  the  coast  country 
below  and  with  the  Missouri,  Kansas  &  Texas  on  the  north.  The  San  Marcos  River 
is  noted  for  its  picturesque  scenery. 

HARWOOD— NEW  ORLEANS,  507  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  460. 

Harwood  is  a  terminal  of  a  twelve-mile  branch  line  to  Gonzales,  where  it  connects 
with  the  San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railway  for  southern  Texas  and  the  Gulf. 

WAELDER— POPULATION,  2,000. 

FLATONIA— POPULATION,  2,700. 

These  are  growing  towns  in  Fayette  County,  where  is  found  high  rolling  prairie, 
with  small  creeks  for  irrigation  and  drainage,  and  much  black  sandy  and  black  waxy 
land.  Waelder  has  much  local  pride,  and  Flatonia  is  active  in  manufacturing.  The 
San  Antonio  &  Aransas  Pass  Railway  reaches  north,  as  well  as  to  ports  on  the  Gulf. 

SCHULENBURG— POPULATION,  2,500. 

Is  the  center  of  a  prosperous  German  farming  section,  producing  a  large  variety  of 
staple  crops. 

WEIMAR— POPULATION,  2,700. 

Also  settled  by  Germans,  shows  the  thrift  and  characteristics  of  this  people.  Weimar 
is  a  place  of  much  local  interest  and  a  large  trading  center.  It  is  on  rolling  ground. 

BORDEN — NEW  ORLEANS,  456  MILES. 

Here  Gail  Borden  began  the  manufacture  of  condensed  milk  back  in  the  "seventies," 
afterwards  removing  to  a  more  central  locality  in  the  north. 

GLIDDEN— NEW  ORLEANS,  450  MILES. 

A   railroad   town   and  active.     A  branch   railway  connects   with   La    Grande,   the 

county-seat. 


At   Sutherland   Springs,  a  Texas  resting-place. 

Breckenridge  Park,   San  Antonio. 

The  Alamo  Plaza  at  San   Antonio. 

A  link  with  the  past,  the  Espada  Mission. 

The  fine  facade  of  Mission  La   Purisima  Concepcion. 

Where  Davy  Crockett  died — the  famous  Alamo. 


14 


COLUMBUS— NEW  ORLEANS,  477  MILES.    POPULATION,  2,100. 

The  Colorado  River  of  Texas  bends  about  the  town  like  a  great  horseshoe.  There 
are  large  mercantile  and  manufacturing  interests  here,  and  a  possibility  of  developing 
power  from  the  river.  Rice-growing  is  one  of  the  principal  industries  of  the  county. 

EAGLE  LAKE — NEW  ORLEANS,  431  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  179.    POPULATION,  2,600. 

This  pleasant  town  has  a  most  inviting  appearance,  and  is  in  possession  of  present 
prosperity,  with  an  assured  future.  In  addition  to  the  through  transcontinental  line  of 
the  Sunset  Route,  it  has  other  railways,  giving  direct  access  to  all  parts  of  the  State. 
Here  is  fine  land.  Cotton,  corn,  hay,  and  sugar-cane,  as  well  as  rice,  are  grown. 
Several  large  lakes  are  in  this  county,  the  largest  being  Eagle  Lake,  of  30,000  acres. 


ROSENBERG— NEW  ORLEANS,  398  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  110.    POPULATION,  2,000. 

Rosenberg  is  a  railway  junction  city.  From  here  a  line  runs  to  San  Antonio  via 
Victoria,  as  a  branch  of  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  &  San  Antonio.  Rosenberg  has 
coast  connections  with  Hawkinsville,  Palacios,  and  Port  Lavaca  on  the  Gulf,  and  also 
reaches  to  Beeville,  all  within  the  rich  and  rapidly  developing  Gulf  country  of  Texas, 
with  its  sugar  and  cotton  plantations.  Northerly  there  are  outlets  over  the  Gulf  Coast 
&  Santa  Fe,  while  it  is  connected  with  all  the  world  by  its  position  on  the  transconti- 
nental line  of  the  Sunset  Route. 


RICHMOND— POPULATION,  2,500. 

SARTARTIA— NEW  ORLEANS,  388  MILES. 

These  business  centers  have  natural  advantages,  the  Brazos  bottoms  being  unequaled 
for  the  growth  of  certain  crops.  This  historic  river  flows  between  the  two  towns, 
coming  from  near  the  Red  River  in  northern  Texas  and  reaching  the  Gulf. 

Near  Sartartia  a  large  area  of  rich  river-bottom  land  is  devoted  to  sugar-cane 
cultivation  with  gratifying  success.  Here  is  the  largest  sugar-cane  factory  in  the  South, 
where  sugar  is  refined  by  the  "bone  black"  process. 

HOUSTON — NEW  ORLEANS,  362  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  64.    POPULATION,  105,000. 

The  map  makes  a  spider-wed  of  railroad  lines  with  Houston  in  the  center  of  the 
web,  showing  at  a  glance  its  great  importance  in  the  railway  world.  The  last  few  years 
have  given  the  city  great  prominence,  making  it  the  commercial  and  railway  metropolis 
of  Texas.  This  has  been  done  largely  by  the  energy  of  its  citizens,  its  merchants  and 
manufacturers,  and  the  enterprise  of  competing  lines  of  railroad;  but  its  location  has 
meant  much.  It  is  at  the  head  of  tide-water  navigation  on  Buffalo  Bayou,  and  is 
connected  with  the  seaport  of  Galveston  by  a  ship  canal  built  by  the  United  States 
Government.  The  indications  are  that  Houston  will  soon  have  a  deep-water  harbor  of 
its  own.  Excluding  Mexican  lines,  5,000  miles  of  railroad  seek  tide-water  here. 
Seventeen  railroads  tell  the  story  of  the  city's  growth.  It  is  enough  to  say  that  the  city 
is  opulent,  well  built,  and  progressive ;  that  it  has  churches,  schools,  and  colleges,  the 
Rice  Institute,  with  an  endowment  of  $7,000,000.  and  a  larger  proportion  than  is  usual 
of  citizens  who  own  their  own  homes.  The  future  of  the  city  is  secure. 

Few  cities  offer  better  inducements  to  manufacturers  and  capitalists  seeking  invest- 
ments, or  to  merchants  desiring  to  engage  in  business  in  a  comparatively  new  field,  with 
a  rapidly  developing  countryside  rich  in  resources. 


GALVESTON— HOUSTON,  48  MILES.     POPULATION,  45,000. 

This  Gulf  city  has  been  brought  into  national  prominence  during  recent  years  by  the 
success  of  an  experiment  in  municipal  government,  or  government  by  commission.  The 
building  of  the  great  seawall  and  the  work  of  the  United  States  Government  in  making 
here  a  harbor  which  would  admit  the  largest  sea-going  vessels  have  also  attracted 
attention  to  Galveston  as  a  seaport.  It  is  now  equal  to  the  demands  upon  it,  and  the 
largest  vessels  find  no  difficulty  in  entering  the  channel. 

The  enormous  increase  in  the  amount  of  cotton  received  at  this  port  has  also  chal- 
lenged comment.  The  port  has  taken  a  prominent  place  in  the  export  of  cotton  and  in 
the  value  of  its  foreign  commerce.  Galveston's  great  ocean-steamship  docks  make  it 
easy  to  handle  an  immense  ocean  traffic.  The  great  docks  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
Steamship  Company,  with  its  fleet  of  fifteen  steamers,  are  located  here. 

Galveston  is  a  resort  city  as  well  as  a  commercial  one.  Surrounded  entirely  by 
water,  with  the  sea  air  that  renders  outdoor  life  possible  at  all  seasons,  and  an  average 
of  273  sunshiny  days  in  the  year,  the  city  offers  quiet,  pleasure,  or  sport  as  one  is 
inclined.  The  new  Hotel  Galvez  offers  accommodations  for  all. 

Returning  to  the  main  line,  we  now  go  back  a  little  to  trace  the  coast  line  eastward 
from  San  Antonio  to  Rosenberg. 


15 


On  the  main  street  of  Houston,  the  Texas  metropolis 

Southern  Pacific  railway  shops  at  Houston 

On  Buffalo  Bayou,  near  Houston 

At  Galveston  the  Southern  Pacific  has  mammoth  docks 

Hotel  Galvez,  Galveston 

The  Gulf  city  is  proud  of  the  convent  of  the  Ursulines 


CUERO— POPULATION,  5,000. 

This  enterprising  town  is  on  the  Victoria  division  of  the  Galveston,  Harrisburg  & 
San  Antonio,  and  is  in  De  Witt  County.  Cuero  has  a  cotton-mill  and  electric-light 
plant  with  much  unused  water  power  derived  from  the  Guadalupe  River.  The  country 
is  given  to  "de  cotton  and  de  co'n,"  with  truck-farming  and  the  raising  and  shipping  of 
turkeys  on  a  large  scale. 

VICTORIA— POPULATION,  6,000. 

This  is  a  region  of  great  ranches  owned  by  cattlemen,  who  make  their  headquarters 
at  Victoria.  The  tendency  now  is  to  encourage  the  division  and  sale  of  large  tracts  of 
grazing  land  for  agricultural  uses.  The  farmer  is  indispensable. 

PORT  LAVACA— POPULATION,  1,500. 

This  is  at  once  a  county  town,  the  official  seat  of  Calhoun  County,  and  a  seaside 
resort.  It  is  finely  located  on  Port  Lavaca  Bay,  being  built  on  a  bank  or  bluff.  There 
is  an  excellent  modern  hotel,  and  a  commodious  pavilion  built  out  over  the  bay,  and 
there  are  numerous  islands  which  invite  the  camper.  Port  Lavaca  will  become  one 
of  the  best-known  resorts  of  the  Gulf  Coast. 

BEEVILLE— POPULATION,  3,000. 

Beeville  is  in  Bee  County,  and  bees  suggest  bloom  and  beauty  in  the  fields  which  the 
plow  has  not  disturbed.  Wild  flowers  grow  in  profusion  and  bloom  throughout  the 
year,  and  bee  culture  forms  an  important  industry  in  the  county.  One  of  the  most 
successful  apiarists  in  Beeville  is  a  woman. 

EDNA  and  WHARTON  are  prosperous  towns  and  have  each  a  population  of 
about  2,000.  Wharton  has  a  sugar  refinery.  From  the  junction  a  branch  runs  south  and 
eastward,  including  such  resort  towns  as  Bay  City,  on  Matagorda  Bay,  and  Palacios, 
on  Palacios  Bay. 

On  the  main  line  again,  eastward,  is 

SAN  JACINTO  RIVER— NEW  ORLEANS,  344  MILES. 

This  is  here  a  historic  stream,  and  perpetuates  the  memory  of  the  battle  of  San 
Jacinto,  where  Texan  independence  was  achieved. 

LIBERTY— NEW  ORLEANS,  321  MILES.    POPULATION,  2,200. 

Another  historic  stream,  the  Trinity,  is  crossed  here.  In  1687  the  chivalrous  Sieur 
de  La  Salle,  leading  a  movement  by  France  to  get  possession  of  the  Texas  country,  was 
killed  on  the  banks  of  this  river.  The  party  had  failed  to  find  the  mouth  of  the 
Mississippi,  and  was  wrecked  on  the  coast  of  Texas. 

SOUR  LAKE. 

Nine  miles  from  Nome,  and  covered  by  a  branch  railway,  this  is  a  resort  of  much 
popularity.  The  waters  are  acid,  due  to  sulphur. 

A  large  oil-field  has  developed  here. 

BEAUMONT— NEW  ORLEANS,  278  MILES.    POPULATION,  32,000. 

This  is  the  oil  city  of  the  South.  It  has  three  railroads,  besides  the  Southern  Pacific. 
The  Southern  Pacific,  in  addition  to  its  through  line,  has  a  line  south  to  Sabine  Pass  on 
the  Gulf,  and  one  north  to  Dallas.  The  Santa  Fe  makes  Beaumont  the  terminal  for  its 
local  line. 

The  Neches  is  here,  a  wide  and  deep  river,  and  will  presently  be  available  for  large 
ocean  vessels.  The  Government  canal  from  the  deep  waters  of  the  Gulf  to  the  river 
will  be  dredged  to  twenty-five  feet,  and  Beaumont  will  become  a  seaport. 

Its  lumber  interests  are  very  great,  the  oil  production  immense,  and  the  area  of 
lands  under  cultivation  now  produce  about  2,000,000  bushels  of  rice  per  year.  A  good 
water  supply  and  a  good  school  system  would  seem  to  insure  a  steady  growth  of 
population. 

PORT  ARTHUR— POPULATION,  9,000. 

This  is  comparatively  a  new  port,  but  its  commerce  is  rapidly  increasing,  and  with 
five  or  six  feet  more  water  will  take  its  place  as- one  of  the  great  Gulf  ports.  Port 
Arthur  is  one  of  the  natural  openings  or  indentations  on  the  Gulf  adaptable  to  world 
commerce,  and  commerce  will  largely  shape  the  future  of  the  city  which  is  growing 
up  around  the  harbor. 

A  larg>>  concrete  hotel  is  here,  and  the  town  is  well  laid  out  in  the  midst  of  good 
farm  lands.  Port  Arthur  is  situated  on  Sabine  Lake,  fourteen  miles  inland  from 
the  Gulf. 


A  suggestion  of  Holland  at  Victoria,  Texas. 

The  oyster  luggers  of  Port  Lavaca. 

A  field  of  beans  at  Beeville. 

An  unusual  sight,  a  camphor  plantation  at  Pierce. 

More  out-of-the-ordinary  crops  at  Pierce— a  tea  farm. 

The  navigable  Neches  River  at  Beaumont. 


16 


ORANGE— NEW  ORLEANS,  256  MILES.    POPULATION,  9,000. 

One  of  the  most  progressive  cities  in  east  Texas.  It  is  located  on  the  beautiful 
Sabine  River,  dividing  Texas  from  Louisiana.  It  has  long  been  an  important  lumber- 
producing  center,  and  is  located  in  the  heart  of  a  remarkably  productive  agricultural 
section.  Lands  are  reasonable  as  to  price.  The  citizens  are  enterprising  and  public 
spirited,  and  are  working  zealously  for  the  improvement  of  their  home  town.  Orange 
contains  many  very  handsome  homes  and  churches.  It  possesses  fine  opportunities 
for  sport — good  shooting,  fishing  and  boating — and  is  a  delightful  place  of  residence — 
good  water  and  health-giving  atmosphere.  A  paper  mill,  employing  300  people  and 
converting  yellow  pine  waste  into  excellent  paper,  is  one  of  the  chief  industries  of 
Orange. 

SABINE  RIVER— NEW  ORLEANS,  250  MILES. 

This  historic  river  is  in  large  part  the  boundary  line  between  Texas  and  Louisiana. 
Since  we  left  San  Antonio  country  we  have  been  traveling  through  rice-fields.  We  are 
here  in  the  heart  of  the  rice  belt.  A  new  and  important  industry  has  sprung  up  here 
in  recent  years,  and  Texas  and  Louisiana  are  now  furnishing  vast  quantities  of  one  of 
the  most  valuable  of  cereals. 

LAKE  CHARLES— NEW  ORLEANS,  219  MILES.    POPULATION,  15,580. 

This  is  a  live  town  with  schools,  churches,  banks,  hotels,  paved  streets,  and  manu- 
factories, all  in  the  close  embrace  of  rivers  and  lakes  which  abound  in  fish,  and  forests 
in  which  the  black  bear  is  still  found.  Here,  too,  are  rice-mills  and  rice-fields,  and 
when  the  rice-fields  are  harvested  and  forsaken  the  wild  geese  take  possession  and  the 
sky  is  fairly  darkened  by  a  general  flight.  In  the  forests  wild  turkeys  are  found. 
With  such  an  environment  we  can  understand  why  Lake  Charles  is  popular,  and  why 
its  reputation  as  a  resort  extends  over  a  wide  area  of  Louisiana  and  Texas.  It  is 
accessible,  having  fine  railroads,  and  so  near  the  Gulf  that  the  climate  is  modified  by 
the  great  body  of  water. 

Lake  Charles  has  three  large  rice-mills,  and  is  an  active  distributing  center  as  well 
as  a  place  of  recreation. 

MALLARD  JUNCTION,  IOWA,  and  WELSH  are  trading  points  in  the  rice 
lands,  the  first  having  a  branch  line  to  Lake  Arthur,  and  the  second  a  crossing  by  the 
St.  Louis,  Watkins  &  Gulf  Railway,  which  here  intersects  the  Sunset  Route. 

JENNINGS— NEW  ORLEANS,  185  MILES.    POPULATION,  3,000. 

This  important  town  draws  heavy  tribute  from  the  rice-fields,  but  lies  also  within 
the  oil-fields,  and  has  a  large  refinery.  Fortunes  have  been  made  in  oil  here.  Experts 
believe  that  the  main  supply  of  crude  oil  in  Louisiana  fields  has  not  been  touched. 

MERMENTAU— NEW  ORLEANS,  180  MILES.     POPULATION,  300. 

This  place  recalls  Lafitte,  the  pirate,  and  Acadian  romance.  To  the  Northern  and 
Western  man  the  country  is  itself  a  revelation,  a  land  of  romance.  Water  is  every- 
where and  lily-pads  and  water-loving  plants  and  flowers. 

CROWLEY— NEW  ORLEANS,  168  MILES.     POPULATION,  7,000. 

Here  is  a  network  of  canals,  prosperous  rice-growers  on  every  side,  eight  large 
rice-mills,  and  a  handsome  city  well  begun  where  so  recently  it  was  easy  to  get  "close 
to  Nature." 

The  Rice  Association  of  Crowley  will  send  you  a  book  of  rice  recipes. 

Crowley  is  a  center  of  rice  industry,  but  at  Scott,  Duspn,  and  Rayne  sugar,  rice,  and 
cotton  are  produced,  cattle  are  raised,  and  general  farming  is  practised. 

From  Midland  run  two  branch  lines,  one  north  to  Eunice  and  Mamou,  one  south- 
easterly to  Abbeville  and  to  a  junction  with  the  main  line  at  New  Iberia. 

RAYNE — NEW  ORLEANS,  160  MILES.     POPULATION,  3,000. 

Rice  and  sugar  lands  and  farm  lands  are  being  made  available  by  canals,  and  much 
land  is  being  occupied. 

LAFAYETTE— NEW  ORLEANS,  146  MILES.     POPULATION,  5,000. 

Is  located  in  the  heart  of  the  oldest  settled  section  of  Louisiana.  It  is  the  center 
of  what  is  known  as  the  Attakapas  country,  and  its  lands,  though  they  have  been  in 
cultivation  for  over  a  century,  are  remarkably  productive  and  considered  among  the 
very  best  in  the  State.  The  town  has  developed  materially  in  the  past  few  years,  and 
the  probable  early  cutting  up  of  the  large  plantations  will  result  in  the  settlement  of 
a  great  many  industrious  farmers,  the  location  of  whom  will  enhance  the  importance 
of  Lafayette.  Its  people  are  thoroughly  enterprising  and  are  paying  particular  atten- 
tion to  improved  methods  of  cultivation  as  applied  to  the  farm  areas. 


17 


The  railroad  depot  at  Lake  Charles,  Louisiana 

A  modern  rice-mill   at  Lake  Charles 

The  colored  countryfolk  at  Paradise 

Shell  Beach  and  moss-bearded  trees  on  Lake  Charles 

A  residence  in  the  attractive  Lake  Charles  region 

The  Shell  Beach  road  by  the  lake-shore 


maim 


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Lafayette  is  the  southern  terminus  of  the  Alexandria  branch  of  the  Southern 
Pacific  and  of  the  new  line  from  Baton  Rouge,  which  was  completed  and  opened  for 
service  in  1912,  traversing  a  very  fertile  section  of  the  State.  The  rapidly  increasing 
importance  of  Lafayette  spells  additional  prosperity. 

THE  COUNTRYSIDE 

Between  Baton  Rouge  and  the  Sunset  Route  are  three  extensive  parishes.  As  we 
approach  the  Gulf  imperfect  drainage  gives  rise  to  the  sluggish  watercourses  called 
bayous,  and  the  marsh  lands  begin.  Some  great  changes  are  taking  place,  rice  lands 
being  made  available,  sugar  lands  ready  for  the  "ribbon  cane,"  and  farm  lands  prepared 
for  occupation  and  the  growth  of  vegetables.  Canals  have  been  constructed  over  a 
vast  area,  drainage  provided  where  necessary,  lands  reclaimed  from  the  swamp,  and 
shell  roads  built.  Communities  are  growing,  large  areas  are  producing  vegetables, 
cane,  and  rice,  and  a  new  day  has  come  in  these  old,  slow-moving  parishes.  The 
situation  is  the  reverse  of  that  of  the  arid  lands.  Here  reclamation  means  drainage 
Lands  must  be  made  dry. 

CADE — NEW  ORLEANS,  133  MILES.     POPULATION,  200. 

A  branch  railway  extends  northerly  to  St.  Martinsville  and  to  Port  Barre,  forty- 
one  miles.  Note  that  St.  Martinsville  is  but  seven  miles  away,  and  that  there  may  be 
seen  the  "Evangeline  Oak"  and  other  reminders  of  the  legend  which  Longfellow  made 
immortal.  It  is  a  romantic  part  of  a  romantic  State. 

XEW  IBERIA— NEW  ORLEANS,  126  MILES.    POPULATION,  7,500. 

From  this  point  you  may  wish  to  visit  Avery  Island  and  see  the  salt  mines  of 
Petit  Anse.  If  you  relish  Tabasco  pepper,  you  may  see  it  under  cultivation  here. 

The  branch  line  from  Midland  through  Abbeville  connects  here,  and  a  four-mile 
branch  of  it  at  Junction,  six  miles  from  New  Iberia,  will  carry  you  to  Petit  Anse. 

JEANERETTE— NEW  ORLEANS,  116  MILES.     POPULATION,  3,000. 

A  center  of  the  saccharine  output  of  the  beautiful  Bayou  Teche  country.  Here  is 
to  be  seen  the  old  Gribbenberg  plantation,  typical  of  the  days  "befo'  de  wah."  We 
are  getting  into  the  sugar-bowl  of  Louisiana,  and  much  of  the  land  seems  dotted  with 
villages  in  the  distance,  but  it  is  the  tall  stacks  of  the  sugar-mills  which  explain  the 
villages.  The  cottages  grouped  about  the  mills  are  the  homes  of  the  employes. 

SUGAR  LANDS 

Sugar  is  only  made  in  the  lowlands  south  of  the  Red  River  and  along  the  Missis- 
sippi bottoms.  The  sugar  factories,  as  a  rule,  are  connected  with  the  plantation,  and 
the  planter  is  both  planter  and  manufacturer,  and  sugar  in  the  unrefined  state  is  his 
product.  The  factory  also  buys  cane  of  the  small  farmer. 

There  is  much  rich  land  available  still  in  Louisiana,  and  we  produce  but  a  fraction 
of  the  sugar  consumed. 

BALDWIN — NEW  ORLEANS,  105  MILES.     POPULATION,  1,000. 
FRANKLIN— NEW  ORLEANS,  101  MILES.     POPULATION,  4.000. 
BAYOU  SALE— NEW  ORLEANS,  96  MILES.     POPULATION,  300. 

PATTERSON— NEW  ORLEANS,  87  MILES.     POPULATION,  1,500. 

These  are  all  sugar  towns,  centers  of  sugar  production,  and  the  commercial  business 
is  largely  in  cane  products  and  the  supplies  needed  by  plantations.  They  are  in  the 
Teche  sugar  district. 

Franklin  has  a  branch  railway  to  Cypremort,  nineteen  miles,  and  covers  Baldwin 
by  it,  four  miles  from  Franklin. 

MORGAN  CITY— NEW  ORLEANS,  81  MILES.     POPULATION,  8,000. 

A  waterfront  town  of  importance  on  Berwick  Bay,  a  widening  of  the  Atchafalaya 
River.  This  river  drains  the  country  parallel  with  the  Mississippi,  and  extending 
almost  to  the  Red  River.  It  may  figure  prominently  some  day  in  the  history  and 
destiny  of  the  "Father  of  Waters."  It  has  many  affluents  north,  including  that  of 
Bavou  Teche.  Berwick  is  at  the  western  end  of  the  bridge.  It  has  largely  developed 
as  a  river  oort.  and  lumber  and  oyster  industries  contribute  to  its  growth. 

SCHRIEVER — NEW  ORLEANS,  57  MILES.    POPULATION,  300. 

A  branch  railway,  six  miles  in  length,  extends  northerly  to  Thibodaux  and 
Napoleonville,  and  a  second  branch  southerly,  fifteen  miles,  to  Houma.  Much  improve- 
ment of  natural  conditions  is  evident.  Great  canals  are  planned  for  drainage  purposes. 


•  mm 


A  prosperous  petroleum  refinery  at  Jennings,  Louisiana. 

An   up-to-date   rice-mill  at  Crowley. 

The  picturesque  Bayou  Teche,  New  Iberia. 

Plump  oysters  and  appetizing  shrimps  are  canned  in  Louisiana. 

A  lumber  mill  on  the  Atchafalaya  River. 

Where  rice  is  made  ready  for  market,  at  Lake  Arthur. 


IS 


LAFOURCHE— NEW  ORLEANS,  53  MILES.    POPULATION,  500. 

We  are  in  the  suburban  lands  of  New  Orleans,  which  feed  the  city — not  literally 
perhaps.  These  are  sugar  lands  all  around  us. 

Here  and  about  Raceland  Junction  is  one  of  the  centers  of  the  Louisiana  sugar 
industry.  Great  sugar-mills  rise  on  either  side,  hardly  four  miles  apart. 

Reclamation  work  is  going  on  rapidly  hereabouts.  Cotton  and  corn  are  here,  the 
latter  fifteen  feet  high. 

WHAT  IS- DOING 

Between  the  Mississippi  and  the  Atchafalaya  rivers  millions  of  acres  of  swamp  land 
within  easy  reach  of  markets  are  being  reclaimed.  It  is  thought  that  there  is  room  in 
Lafourche  Parish  for  400,000  people,  and  for  800,000  in  Terrebonne  Parish.  Canals 
are  building,  ditches  are  being  dug  and  huge  pumps  installed,  and  much  land  is  now 
ready  for  cultivation. 

THE  HEALTH  SIDE 

This  is  important,  but  the  conditions  are  not  serious.  As  the  water  is  drained  off, 
the  humidity  decreases,  and  there  comes  a  greater  clarity  to  the  atmosphere.  The 
prevailing  breeze  is  from  the  Gulf,  and  this  salt  air  is  full  of  ozone.  The  testimony 
is  that  the  communities  that  have  sprung  up  where  the  land  has  been  cleared  and 
cultivated  are  in  as  good  health  as  the  most  hygienic  region  in  the  Northeast. 

THE  CROP  SIDE 

This  is  also  important  and  promising.  Take  onions  and  potatoes — 125  bushels  and 
100  bushels  respectively,  at  prices  which  yield  $100  and  $75  an  acre,  marketed  in 
April  and  May.  The  land  is  planted  to  corn,  yielding  forty  to  fifty  bushels,  or  about 
$32  an  acre ;  fall  cabbage  follows,  nine  tons  per  acre,  selling  at  two  cents  per  pound, 
or  $360  an  acre,  making  a  total  of  $492  an  acre,  gross.  Planted  in  cane  these  lands 
yield  thirty-five  tons  an  acre,  or,  at  $3.50  a  ton,  $122.50  an  acre.  The  cost  of  culti- 
vating and  harvesting  is  reckoned  at  $1.50  a  ton. 

Sown  in  rice,  the  yield  will  run  from  eight  to  ten  sacks,  selling  at  $3.50  and  $4, 
yielding  $28  to  $40  an  acre.  Many  have  become  prosperous,  and  even  independent, 
raising  rice,  and  western  Louisiana  shows  a  contented  lot  of  farmers. 

RACELAND  JUNCTION— NEW  ORLEANS,  40  MILES. 
In  the  midst  of  sugar  lands. 

DES  ALLEMANDS— NEW  ORLEANS,  32  MILES. 

A  quaint  old  German  settlement  is  here  on  the  bayou  which  connects  the  lake  of 
the  same  name  at  the  north  with  Lake  Salvador  at  the  south,  debouching  finally  into 
Barataria  Bay,  which  tradition  links  with  the  pirate  Lafitte. 

AN  INTERESTING  COUNTRY 

The  approach  to  New  Orleans  from  the  west  shows  a  country  full  of  interest  to 
the  Western  and  Northern  man.  Rice  and  cotton  and  sugar-cane  are  novel  field  crops 
to  many,  and  are  set  in  an  air  of  romance  in  which  the  Southern  planter,  the  colored 
"field  hands,"  the  "overseer,"  the  "mansion,"  and  "the  quarters"  of  the  slaves  are 
mingled  in  a  picturesque  way  under  these  Southern  skies,  and  associated  with  wealth, 
with  leisure,  with  courtly  manners,  with  magnolia  trees,  the  song  of  the  mocking-bird, 
the  charm  of  rural  life,  and  its  quiet  and  dignity.  For  in  the  halcyon  days  of  the  past 
all  the  South  was  a  rural  republic ;  cities  were  conveniences,  but  the  first  men  of  the 
State  were  planters,  and  the  countryside  was  more  important  than  the  cities. 

The  sugar  lands  begin  at  the  very  doors  of  New  Orleans,  then  run  up  and  down 
and  across  the  river  in  every  direction,  occupying  the  banks  of  sluggish  bayous  and 
low-lying  tracts  of  surpassing  richness  in  the  midst  of  flag,  reed-covered  savannas, 
and  bodies  of  lichen-draped  timber. 

NEW  ORLEANS— POPULATION,  339,000. 

A  river  proverb  says,  "There  are  many  cities,  but  only  one  New  Orleans."  This 
is  true  today  and  yesterday.  Few  cities  are  compounded  of  such  strange  racial  variants, 
and  its  history  is  summarized  as  "French  today,  Spanish  tomorrow,  French  again,  and 
American  till  now."  Here  are  found  phases  of  life,  epochs  of  history,  modes  of 
thought,  and  styles  of  architecture  that  belong  wholly  to  the  past.  No  other  city  in 
the  land  so  closely  links  the  old  world  with  the  new ;  nowhere  else  does  tradition 
seem  so  entirely  a  tale  of  yesterday  or  of  last  year. 


19 


The   Southern   Pacific  bridge  at  Morgan  City,   Louisiana. 

The  Atchafalaya  River  makes  Morgan  City  a  water  town. 

A  Paradise  cabbage  patch. 

The  land  of  Paradise  makes  up  a  cultivated  Eden. 

In  the  heart  of  a  Louisiana  cypress  swamp. 

Live  Oak  Hotel,  Lake  Arthur,  a  pleasant  pleasure-place. 


^*^H 

*•; 


THE  VIEUX  CARRE 

This  is  the  old  square,  or  original  city,  as  laid  out  by  Bienville  in  1718.  Just 
beyond  the  margin  of  his  little  city  in  the  wilderness  stood  his  country  house,  the 
site  now  occupied  by  the  granite  custom-house  erected  in  1848.  The  founder  built  a 
mansion  for  the  Ursuline  nuns,  in  1727,  and  this  survives  today,  the  oldest  building 
in  the  Louisiana  Purchase.  To  supply  Napoleon  with  a  little  spending  money,  the 
Louisiana  country  was  sold  to  the  United  States,  and  the  treaty  was  signed  in  the 
Cabildo,  or  governor's  house,  and  this  survives  after  150  years. 

From  the  balcony  our  flag  was  first  unfurled  over  the  new  possession,  and  when 
Lafayette  visited  the  city  in  1825,  the  Cabildo  was  equipped  for  his  use  while  a  guest. 

The  balcony  overlooks  Jackson  Square,  and  where  "Old  Hickory"  was  crowned 
with  flowers  stands  the  fine  equestrian  statue  by  Clark  Mills.  Just  across  the  square 
is  the  French  Market,  built  in  1813,  and  this  should  be  visited  in  the  early  morning. 
The  Royal  Hotel,  once  known  as  the  St.  Louis,  is  much  dilapidated,  but  you  will  want 
to  see  the  auction  blocks  in  the  entrance  hall,  the  circular  dining-room  where  the 
wealth  and  beauty  of  the  South  banqueted,  and  where  royal  personages  from  many 
countries  were  entertained. 

A  fine  figure  of  General  Robert  E.  Lee  stands  in  Lee  Circle,  and  the  old  Congo 
Square  has  become  Beauregard  Square,  but  holds  its  memories  of  "voodoo"  rites  and 
great  holiday  gatherings  of  slaves  in  other  days. 

New  Orleans,  alone  of  all  the  cities,  has  supported  a  French  opera  company  year 
by  year  for  over  a  hundred  years.  The  Opera  House  is  on  Bourbon  Street,  and  here 
came  immortal  Jenny  Lind,  the  elder  Calve,  and  other  celebrities,  and  here  in  her 
glorious  youth  Patti  sang,  and  every  year  a  company  of  singers  comes  from  France, 
keeping  alive  the  melodies  of  the  great  days  that  are  gone.  Cultivated  New  Orleans 
is  seen  at  her  best  in  the  old  Opera  House. 

THE  CITY  OF  TODAY 

It  lies  just  across  Canal  Street.  This  was  once  a  "fosse"  or  canal  of  the  sugar 
plantation,  and  is  now  the  great  street  of  New  Orleans,  170  feet  wide,  and  the  chief 
avenue  of  shopping  and  trade. 

The  residence  section,  the  parks,  the  club  grounds,  the  beautiful  boulevards,  the 
250  miles  of  paved  streets,  the  shell  roads  in  the  suburbs,  a  visit  to  Lake  Pontchartrain 
and  to  the  battleground  of  Chalmette,  to  Tulane  University  and  other  points,  will 
take  some  days,  and  if  the  season  be  winter  you  will  realize  that  New  Orleans  is  a 
charming  city  and  unexcelled  as  a  winter  resort.  And  you,  with  others,  would  travel 
far  to  see  its  unique  and  famous  festival  of  Mardi  Gras. 

THE  HISTORIC  RIVER 

A  great  river,  the  Mississippi  is  surpassed  in  volume  only  by  the  Amazon,  and 
in  length  only  by  the  Nile.  The  river  is  from  1,800  to  2,600  feet  wide,  and  has  a 
depth  of  200  feet.  It  is  about  110  miles  to  the  mouth  of  the  majestic  stream,  and  it 
is  pushing  into  the  Gulf  as  a  soil-carrier  farther  and  farther  every  year.  The  delta 
lands  below  the  city  are  becoming  very  valuable. 

New  Orleans  is  the  "Crescent  City,"  because  here  the  great  river  curves  into  a 
nine-mile  crescent.  It  lies  below  the  level  of  Lake  Pontchartrain  and  the  Mississippi, 
and  drainage  has  been  provided  at  great  cost,  but  so  wisely  has  it  been  done  that 
New  Orleans  is  now  one  of  the  healthiest  of  modern  cities. 

You  will  want  to  see  the  wrharves  on  the  city-front,  and  note  the  volume  of  traffic 
which  comes  to  the  city  from  the  Mississippi  Valley.  Here  you  will  see  in  season 
acres  of  cotton-bales,  sugar-barrels,  and  sacks  of  rice,  much  of  which  comes  from  the 
lands  through  which  we  have  just  passed. 

Note,  too,  the  Sugar  and  Produce  Exchange  as  you  go  about  the  city,  the  handsome 
City  Hall,  the  United  States  Mint  on  Esplanade  and  old  Levee  Street,  the  great  size 
of  the  Custom-house,  and  the  new  office  buildings  and  hotels  which  indicate  the 
expansion  of  business  and  an  increasing  tide  of  travel. 

POINTS  OF  INTEREST  ROUNDABOUT 

These  are  many,  but  the  visitor  who  can  not  take  time  for  all  will  want  to  see  the 
historic  battlefield,  the  monument  commemorating  General  Jackson's  victory,  and  the 
Chalmette  Cemetery.  The  ruins  of  the  house  where  the  wounded  General  Packenham 
was  carried  are  still  seen. 

The  great  Naval  Dry  Dock  of  the  Government  is  across  the  river  below  Algiers, 
and  farther  down  are  Louisiana  oranges,  sugar,  rice,  corn,  and  other  products. 

The  Acadian  country,  the  "Evangeline  Oak,"  and  the  sugar-mills  will  repay  a 
special  visit.  The  romantic  part  of  Louisiana  is  reached  by  Southern  Pacific  lines. 
The  largest  sugar-mill  in  the  world  is  south  on  the  river  about  twelve  miles. 


The   Vault  of  the  Army   of  Tennessee  at  New   Orleans. 

A  relic  of  the  French  regime,  the  Beauregard  mansion. 

Loading  cotton  from  the  wharves  at  New  Orleans. 

A  plantation  home  dating  back  "befo"  de  wall." 

The  dragon  of  the  Mardi  Gras  carnival,  New  Orleans. 

A  glimpse  of  the  modern   New  Orleans. 


20 


An  Appendix 


THE  SAN  JOAQUIN  VALLEY,   CALIFORNIA 

"Wayside  Notes"  on  the  Sunset  Route  does  not  include  the  Valley  Line,  and  for 
the  sake  of  directness  and  simplicity  it  was  left  out  of  the  main  current  of  travel. 
But  'his  was  the  earliest  route  southward,  and  the  valley  itself  is  too  near  San  Fran- 
cisco, too  great  industrially,  and  too  important  in  its  promise  to  the  homemaker  to 
be  omitted,  and  we  shall  run  rapidly  over  it. 

SAN  JOAQUIN   VALLEY   LINE 

A  run  of  twenty  minutes  on  one  of  the  great  ferryboats  of  the  Southern  Pacific 
which  plys  across  the  bay  brings  you  to  the  waiting  valley  train  at  the  Oakland  Pier. 

OAKLAND — SAN  FRANCISCO,  7  MILES.     POPULATION,  230,000. 

This  is  now  the  third  city  of  the  Coast,  and  growing  rapidly.  It  is  in  the  way  to 
become  a  great  manufacturing  center,  having  a  good  harbor  of  its  own  and  miles  of 
deep  water  near  shore.  It  is  a  great  railway  center,  being  on  the  continental  side  of 
San  Francisco  Bay ;  it  has  a  charming  location  as  a  residence  city,  with  a  background 
of  hills  just  suited  for  fine  homes,  and  a  climate  which  is  nearly  perfection. 

ALAMEDA  is  a  neighbor  on  the  south,  a  handsome  little  residence  city. 

From  Oakland  a  line  runs  across  the  Diablo  Range  into  the  valley.  It  has  on 
the  way  the  prosperous  fruit  towns  of  San  Leandro,  San  Lorenzo,  the  larger  town  of 
Hayward,  the  nursery  and  fruit  town  of  Niles,  where  a  line  diverges  for  San  Jose, 
and  beyond  a  charming  canyon  in  a  broad  valley  are  Livermore  and  Pleasanton.  Still 
beyond  is  the  crossing  at  Altamont,  and  we  are  in  the  San  Joaquin  and  at  Tracy. 
Coming  back  to  Oakland,  we  look  at  the  university  town, 

BERKELEY — SAN  FRANCISCO,  9  MILES.     POPULATION,  40,434. 

Here  is  the  State  University,  in  a  most  beautiful  natural  campus.  The  Greek,  or 
open-air,  theater  here  is  modeled  after  an  ancient  one  at  Epidaurus,  in  Greece.  The 
university  is  one  in  the  true  sense  of  the  word,  and  is  free  to  both  sexes. 

THE   BAY   SHORE 

The  train  follows  the  shore  line  for  thirty  miles.  Richmond,  a  town  of  10,000,  is 
the  growth  of  a  scant  dozen  years.  Important  manufacturing  industries  are  here,  and 
at  many  points  along  the  bay.  At  Vallejo  Junction  boats  meet  the  train  for  Vallejo 
and  Mare  Island,  and  for  Napa  Valley.  Mare  Island  is  the  site  of  the  Government 
Navy-yard.  Crockett  has  a  large  sugar  refinery.  Carquinez  Straits  is  crossed  at 
Port  Costa  by  the  great  ferry-boat  Solano,  424  feet  long,  116  feet  8  inches  wide.  It 
carries  thirty-six  freight  cars  and  two  engines,  or  twenty-four  passenger  cars  and 
two  engines. 

MARTINEZ — SAX  FRANCISCO,  36  MILES.     POPULATION,  3,000. 

This  is  the  county-seat  of  Contra  Costa  County.  Benicia  is  opposite,  across  Car- 
quinez Straits.  Martinez  is  at  the  mouth  of  a  pretty  valley  and  watched  over  by 
rounded  and  fruitful  hills.  The  bay  shore  has  Bay  Point,  Black  Diamond,  and  Antioch, 
prosperous  towns  with  factories. 

BYRON  HOT  SPRINGS— SAN  FRANCISCO,  58  MILES. 

Hotel  and  cottages,  and  medicinal  waters  of  a  high  repute.  It  is  a  popular  resort 
of  the  best  class. 

A  feature  of  this  country,  "conspicuous  afar,"  like  Milton's  Rock,  is  Mount  Diablo, 
3,896  feet  high. 

TRACY — SAN  FRANCISCO,  83  MILES. 

LATHROP — SAN  FRANCISCO,  94  MILES. 

Both  busy  junction  points.  We  turn  aside  at  Tracy,  and  at  Lathrop  find  a  kind  of 
gateway  for  valley  travel,  this  point  serving  three  lines.  Touring  to  the  left,  we  go 
to  STOCKTON,  nine  miles  distant.  This  is  a  large  and  important  town  of  35,000 
people,  and  is  at  the  foot  of  the  valley. 

SACRAMENTO,  the  capital  of  the  State,  is  fifty-seven  miles  from  Lathrop.  It  is 
on  the  main  line  from  San  Francisco  to  Ogden  and  from  San  Francisco  to  Portland, 
Oregon. 


I 
13311 


21 


Sunset  over  San  Francisco,  looking  from  the  bay 

Busy  Broadway,  main  thoroughfare  of  Oakland 

Part  of  the  mast  forest  of  Alameda 

Looking  bayward  from  the  Claremont  hills,  Berkeley 

Berkeley  residences  are  framed  in  charming  settings 

The  main  buildings  at  the  famous  spa,  Byron  Hot  Springs 


a 


MODESTO— SAN  FRANCISCO,  114  MILES.     POPULATION,  4,000. 

Is  on  the  bank  of  the  Tuolumne  River,  an  affluent  of  the  San  Joaquin.  Water  for 
irrigation  is  provided  by  a  huge  dam  at  La  Grange,  built  and  owned  by  farmers.  It 
cost  $550,000. 

TURLOCK— SAN  FRANCISCO,  127  MILES.    POPULATION,  3,500. 

An  important  and  growing  town  in  the  very  heart  of  the  valley.  From  Merced  a 
railroad  has  been  constructed  up  the  Merced  River  to  El  Portal,  at  the  entrance  to 
the  Yosemite  National  Park.  The  Mariposa  Grove  of  Big  Trees  is  now  reached  from 
Yosemite  National  Park  by  short  stage  ride.  Some  of  these  majestic  trees  are  350 
feet  high  and  are  the  oldest  living  things  on  earth. 

A  wide  stretch  of  farming  country  lies  back  of  Merced  and  northward  as  far  as 
Stockton,  and  is  served  by  a  branch  line  parallel  with  our  route. 

BERENDA — SAN  FRANCISCO,  178  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  256. 

From  Berenda  a  branch  line  runs  to  Raymond,  twenty-one  miles  distant.  This  was 
for  many  years  the  route  of  the  Yosemite  National  Park,  but  Yosemite  is  now  reached 
via  Merced  and  the  railroad  up  the  canyon. 

MADERA — SAN  FRANCISCO,  185  MILES.     POPULATION,  2,500. 

County-seat  of  Madera  County.  This  county  has  much  low-priced  land,  chiefly 
owing  to  the  lack  of  irrigation.  Water  is  found  near  the  surface,  and  well  irrigation 
by  pumping  is  now  developing  large  areas. 

FRESNO— SAN  FRANCISCO,  207  MILES.     POPULATION,  30,000. 

Once  a  sheep  pasture,  now  the  center  of  a  vast  industry.  Orchards  and  vineyards, 
groves  of  oranges  and  figs,  miles  of  raisin  vineyards,  square  miles  of  wine  grapes, 
and  leagues  of  alfalfa  make  the  whole  countryside  attractive  as  a  garden.  Fresno 
is  the  chief  center  of  the  raisin  industry.  Here  also  are  grown  the  Calimyrna  figs, 
put  up  in  better  shape  than  the  imported  Smyrna. 

A  branch  line  runs  from  here  twenty-four  miles  to  Friant  near  the  foothills. 

WEST   SIDE  LINE 

Going  back  to  Tracy,  we  run  southward  through  a  rich  country,  on  the  west  side 
of  the  San  Joaquin. 

Crow's  Landing  is  an  early-day  town.  Near  by  is  the  new  townsite  called  Patter- 
son, a  great  ranch  of  18,000  acres,  being  the  foundation  of  a  promising  high-class 
colony. 

NEWMAN,  further  down  the  line,  is  a  prosperous  town,  and  about  it  and  south- 
ward for  many  miles  the  land  is  irrigated,  much  of  it  growing  alfalfa. 

LINORA,  LOS  BANGS,  and  DOS  PALOS  are  in  the  midst  of  grazing  herds 
and  alfalfa  fields.  The  latter  two  are  colony  towns,  and  all  are  prosperous.  Great 
land  holdings  are  passing  into  the  hands  of  small  farmers. 

At  KERMAN  the  railway  divides,  making  this  a  junction  point.  It  is  a  colony 
center,  26,000  acres  being  offered  for  settlement.  Ten  thousand  acres  of  good  land 
have  been  sold.  In  the  adjacent  country  as  in  the  growing  town  substantial  improve- 
ment shows ;  3,000  people  get  their  mail  at  Kerman.  Between  Kerman  and  Fresno 
great  orchards  are  seen  and  every  mile  shows  the  productiveness  of  the  land. 

THE  LOOP  LINE 

This  runs  from  Fresno  to  a  junction  with  the  main  line  called  Famoso,  eighty- 
seven  miles  south.  It  is  the  most  easterly  line  in  the  valley,  and  reaches  a  rich  agri- 
cultural region,  but  one  noted  chiefly  as  an  orange  belt. 

SANGER— SAN  FRANCISCO,  221   MILES.     POPULATION,  3,000. 

This  is  a  lumber  town,  drawing  its  supplies  by  a  great  flume  from  the  mountain 
forests. 

REEDLEY— SAN  FRANCISCO,  231   MILES.     POPULATION,  800. 

Horticulture  here,  vines,  deciduous  fruit,  and  oranges. 

Mount  Campbell  district  is  tributary,  a  region  of  extraordinary  soil,  and  where 
oranges  grow  to  perfection. 

D I  NUB  A— POPULATION,  1,500. 

Is  a  center  of  alfalfa,  vines,  and  fruit-trees. 

EXETER— SAN  FRANCISCO,  267  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  327.     POPULATION,  800. 
LINDSAY— SAN  FRANCISCO,  260  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  319.    POPULATION,  1,800. 


A  combined  harvester  in  a  Modesto  oat  field. 

Where  water  makes  the  land,  near  Modesto. 

Near  Fresno  roads  are*shaded  by  tropic  trees.     Here  are  figs. 

Miles  of  orange  groves  flourish  at  Pprterville. 

A  street  of  Fresno,  center  of  vast  vineyards  and  orchards. 

The  never  failing  alfalfa  has  a  place  in  Fresno  industries. 


22 


PORTERVILLE— SAN  FRANCISCO,  276  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  335.     POPULATION,  2,000. 

These  are  growing  orange  towns  and  are  great  producers  of  early  oranges  of 
highest  quality,  and  the  country  tributary  to  them  is  of  the  best.  Indeed,  this  promises 
to  rival  Redlands  and  Riverside  as  an  orange  district.  Freedom  from  winds  and  frosts 
makes  the  region  almost  ideal. 

A  branch  line  runs  from  Porterville,  sixteen  miles,  to  Springville — entrance  to 
Middle  Tule  Canyon — a  good  camping  and  fishing  region.  Stage  and  pack  trail  to 
Camp  Nelson,  sixteen  miles. 

Visalia  and  Exeter  are  points  of  departure  for  the  great  Giant  Forest,  the  Cali- 
fornia Park  Grove  and  the  wonderful  Kings  River  and  Tehipite  canyons.  An  electric 
line  runs  from  Exeter  to  Lemon  Cove  and  connects  with  stage  line. 

VISALIA — SAN  FRANCISCO,  249  MILES.     POPULATION,  5,000. 

Midway  between  the  loop  and  the  main  line  on  a  cross-country  road  which  unites 
the  two  lines.  It  is  eight  miles  from  GOSHEN  JUNCTION,  and  one  of  the  oldest 
towns  in  the  valley.  A  rich  moist  region,  seat  of  government  for  Tulare  County. 

HANFORD — SAN  FRANCISCO,  254  MILES.     POPULATION,  6,000. 

This  prosperous  town  is  thirteen  miles  west  of  Goshen  on  the  branch  crossing  the 
valley.  Fruit,  stock-raising,  general  farming,  wheat,  and  alfalfa  are  all  about.  Three 
miles  westerly  is  the  thriving  fruit  center  called  ARMONA,  and  five  miles  beyond 
is  the  more  important  town  of  LEMOORE.  A  farther  run  of  nineteen  miles  reaches 
HURON,  fifteen  miles  to  COALINGA,  and  five  to  the  terminus  at  ALCALDE. 
Coalinga  is  the  center  of  the  largest  oil-field  in  California.  From  Kerman,  which  we 
left  near  Fresno,  a  short  line  runs  to  Armona.  A  great  Spanish  grant  is  here,  the 
Laguna  de  Tache,  with  LILLIS  and  HARDWICK  as  colony  towns. 

THE  MAIN  LINE 

From  Fresno  southward  we  find  within  twenty-five  miles,  easterly,  on  the  main 
line,  a  country  rich  in  the  products  of  husbandry,  with  centers  of  commerce  at  con- 
venient distances.  These  are  Malaga  (the  aroma  of  its  raisins  detected  in  the  name), 
Fowler,  Selma,  and  Traver,  each  the  center  of  fruit  and  general  farms.  Below  Goshen 
Junction  are 

TULARE— SAN  FRANCISCO,  251  MILES.     POPULATION,  3,000. 

Seat  of  Tulare  County,  and  a  prosperous  town.     Surrounding  lands  are  rich. 
Tipton,  Pixley,  Delano,  Famoso  and  Oil  Junction. 

KERX  RIVER— SAN  FRANCISCO,  312  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  410. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  valued  irrigation  rivers  of  San  Joaquin  Valley;  headwaters 
of  it  are  fed  by  glaciers  of  Mount  Whitney. 

BAKERSFIELD— SAN  FRANCISCO,  314  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  415.    POPULATION,  15,000. 

A  county  town,  with  notable  courthouse,  hotels,  banks,  theaters,  churches,  and 
business  blocks.  The  great  breadth  of  irrigated  land  about  it  gives  assurance  of  future 
prosperity.  A  branch  line  leads  to  Asphalto,  McKittrick,  and  Olig,  fifty  miles  westerly. 
From  Oil  Junction  a  six-mile  branch  runs  to  Oil  City. 


CALIENTE — SAN  FRANCISCO,  336  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  1,290. 

Here  we  climb  the  Tehachapi  Mountains.  As  the  road  winds  through  the  most 
difficult  part  of  the  range,  it  swings  around  and  across  its  own  track.  The  famous  loop 
is  an  ingenious  bit  of  engineering. 

TEHACHAPI — SAN  FRANCISCO,  362  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  4,025. 

On  the  summit.     Grain,  hay  and  fruit  are  produced  and  much  stock. 

MOJAVE — SAN  FRANCISCO,  382  MILES.     ALTITUDE,  2,751. 

Junction  of  Southern  Pacific  line  into  Owens  Valley  and  through  Nevada  to  Hazen. 
A  large  mining  district  is  tributary. 

Under  irrigation,  the  desert  responds  to  cultivation,  as  will  be  noted  about 
ROSAMOND,  LANCASTER,  and  PALMDALE.  There  is  underlying  artesian  water 
at  LANCASTER. 

SAUGUS — SAN  FRANCISCO,  452  MILES.    ALTITUDE,  1,160. 

A  junction  point,  already  noted,  with  the  line  that  comes  up  the  Santa  Clara  Valley 
from  the  Coast  Range  with  San  Fernando  and  Burbank.  Beyond  it  is  Los  Angeles. 


23 


Hanford,  a  prosperous  farming  town  of  the  lower  San  Joaquin. 

Prunes  drying  under  California  sunshine  close  to  Hanford. 

Plump  pumpkins  prophesying  plenty  to  proprietors. 

Sorting  olives  for  particular  customers  is  a  California  habit. 

A  road  near  Bakersfield,  kept  dustless  by  local  oil. 

Petroleum  wells  near  Bakersfield  in  an  unexhausted  field. 


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SOUTHERN 
PACIFIC 

TOURIST   CAR    LINES 
STEAMSHIP    LINES 

AND    CONNECTIONS 


•  - 

HAITI 


SUNSET  ROUTE  CONNECTIONS 

FOR 
EASTERN  CITIES 


At  New  Orleans  connection  is  made  by  "Sunset  Route"  trains  with  Limited  and  fast  Express 

trains  to  Eastern  cities;  also  with  Southern  Pacific  Atlantic  S.  S.  Lines'  commodious 

steamships  sailing  for  New  York  every  Wednesday  and  Saturday. 


For  information  regarding  railroad  fares,  train  service,  sleeping 
car  reservations,  etc.,  address  any  of  the  following: 

GENERAL,  EUROPEAN  AND  TRANS-PACIFIC  AGENTS 

ANTWERP,  BELGIUM,  6  Rue  des  Peignes Rud.  Falck,  General  European  Agent 

ATLANTA,  GA.,  121  Peachtree  Street O.  P.  Bartlett,  General  Agent 

BALTIMORE,  MD.,  29  West  Baltimore  Street W.  B.  Johnson,  District  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent 

BIRMINGHAM,  ALA.,  1901  First  Avenue O.  P.  Bartlett,  General  Agent 

BORDEAUX,  FRANCE,  46  Quai  des  Chartrous Rud.  Falck,  General  European  Agent 

BOSTON,  MASS.,  12  Milk  Street J.  H.  Glynn,  New  England  Agent 

BUFFALO,  N.  Y.,  n  East  Swan  Street F.  T.  Brooks,  District  Passenger  and  Freight  Agent 

CHICAGO,  ILL.,  55  West  Jackson  Boulevard W.  G.  Neimyer,  General  Agent 

CINCINNATI,  OHIO,  5  East  Fourth  Street C.  M.  Evans,  General  Agent 

DENVER,  COLO.,  313  Railway  Exchange  Building H.  F.  Kern,  General  Agent 

DETROIT,  MICH.,  221  Majestic  Building Edward  A.  Macon,  General  Agent 

GENOA,  ITALY,  117  Via  Balbi Rud.  Falck,  General  European  Agent 

HAMBURG,  GERMANY,  25-27  Ferdinand  Strasse Rud.  Falck,  General  European  Agent 

HAVANA,  CUBA,  Obispo  40 A.  E.  Woodell,  General  Agent 

HONOLULU,  T.  H.,  Waity  Bldg Wells  Fargo  &  Co.,  Owen  Williams,  General  Agent 

HOUSTON,  TEX T.  J.  Anderson,  General  Passenger  Agent,  Sunset-Central  Lines 

KANSAS  CITY,  Mo.,  101  Bryant  Building A.  G.  Little,  General  Agent 

LITTLE  ROCK,  ARK.,  224  Gazette  Building W.  H.  Wynne,  Commercial  Agent 

LIVERPOOL,  ENG.,  25  Water  Street Rud.  Falck,  General  European  Agent 

LONDON,  ENG.,  49  Leadenhall  St.,  E.  C Rud.  Falck,  General  European  Agent 

MEXICO  CITY,  MEX.,  Avenida  Juarez,  No.  12 G.  R.  Hackley,  General  Agent 

NEW  ORLEANS,  LA J.  H.  R.  Parsons,  General  Passenger  Agent,  M.  L.  &  T.  R.  R.  &  S.  S.  Co. 

NEW  YORK,  N.  Y.,  39  and  366  and  1158  Broadway.  .L.  H.  Nutting,  General  Eastern  Passenger  Agent 

OKLAHOMA  CITY,  OKLA C.  T.  Collett,  Commercial  Agent 

PARIS,  FRANCE,  20-22  Rue  du  Mail Rud.  Falck,  General  European  Agent 

PHILADELPHIA,  PA.,  632  Chestnut  Street R.  J.  Smith,  District  Passenger  and  Freight  Agent 

PITTSBURG,  PA.,  Park  Building,  5th  Ave.  and  Smithfield  Street G.  G.  Herring,  General  Agent 

ST.  Louis,  Mo.,  1002  Olive  Street Geo.  B.  Hild,  General  Agent 

TORREON,  MEX.,  Apartado  Num.  286 G.  P.  Mena,  Traveling  Freight  and  Passenger  Agent 

WASHINGTON,  D.  C.,  905  F  Street A.  J.  Poston,  General  Agent,  Washington-Sunset  Route 

YOKOHAMA,  JAPAN,  4  Water  Street     )  i  G.  H.  Corse,  Jr.,  General  Passenger  Agent 

HONG  KONG,  CHINA,  Kings  Building )  (  San  Francisco  Overland  Route 

CHAS.  S.  FEE,  Passenger  Traffic  Manager  JAS.  HORSBURGH,  JR.,  General  Passenger  Agent 

San  Francisco,  Cal.  San  Francisco,  Cal. 

F.  E.  BATTURS,  General  Passenger  Agent 
Los  Angeles,  Cal. 

JNO.  M.  SCOTT,  General  Passenger  Agent 
Portland,  Ore. 


1    SOUTHERN   PACIFIC 

A-I44     (11-25-13— 20M) 


EAST    BOUND    ALONG 


IS. 


^  **, 


a 


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W 


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